The Complex Relationship Between Stress and Cancer: What Science Tells Us

Only the facts about CANCER (and STRESS)

By: Roberta Kline, MD | Edited by: Lennard Goetze, Ed.D

The connection between stress and cancer has long been a topic of interest in both medical research and public discourse. While stress alone does not cause cancer, it can influence the body’s ability to defend itself against the disease. To say that stress directly leads to cancer would be an oversimplification, but its role in overall health, including immune function, cannot be ignored.

One of the key principles behind this relationship is psychoneuroimmunology—the study of how psychological factors, the nervous system, and immune function interact. Stress, which typically originates from our thoughts and emotions, activates the nervous system, including the vagus nerve and the body’s stress response mechanisms. These responses, in turn, can impact immune system function, potentially influencing cancer development and progression. A crucial but often overlooked player in this equation is the microbiome—the diverse community of bacteria and other microorganisms residing in our bodies—which plays a significant role in immune regulation.

Numerous studies have shown that cancer patients who participate in stress-reduction programs often experience better outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of holistic approaches to cancer treatment that consider not only medical interventions but also psychological and lifestyle factors.

At its core, cancer results from DNA mutations that cause cells to grow and behave abnormally. However, the body has built-in mechanisms to detect and repair these mutations before they develop into full-blown cancer. The immune system, along with DNA repair mechanisms, plays a crucial role in monitoring and addressing these cellular abnormalities. In some cases, even when a small cluster of mutated cells has the potential to develop into cancer, the surrounding environment can either suppress or encourage their growth. This microenvironment, influenced by factors such as inflammation, metabolic activity, and immune function, can determine whether a precancerous lesion becomes a diagnosable tumor.

Another compelling area of research explores cancer as a metabolic disease. Cancer cells hijack normal metabolic processes to generate energy rapidly, fueling their uncontrolled growth. This understanding has led to studies investigating dietary, lifestyle, and pharmaceutical interventions aimed at disrupting these metabolic pathways to slow or stop cancer progression.

One of the greatest challenges in cancer research and treatment is its variability. Even among patients with the same type of cancer, the disease manifests differently. Each person’s metabolism, microbiome, and stress levels contribute to the uniqueness of their condition. This complexity makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions, but growing evidence supports the idea that stress can create biological conditions that, under the right circumstances, may facilitate cancer growth.

It is important to be cautious in how we frame the discussion about stress and cancer. Suggesting that stress causes cancer outright risks assigning blame to individuals, which is neither scientifically accurate nor helpful. Instead, we should recognize that stress is one of many factors that can influence cancer’s development and progression. By acknowledging and addressing the interplay between stress, immune function, and metabolic health, we can develop more comprehensive strategies to support cancer prevention and treatment.

The takeaway? Managing stress isn’t just about mental well-being—it’s an essential component of overall health. While stress alone won’t cause cancer, reducing it through mindfulness, lifestyle changes, and emotional support can improve health outcomes and enhance the body’s resilience in fighting disease. A holistic approach that incorporates stress management, a balanced diet, and medical intervention may offer the best path forward in the battle against cancer.

"AUTHOR AUTHOR"

ROBERTA KLINE, MD (Educational Dir. /Women's Diagnostic Group): Dr. Kline is a board-certified ObGyn physician, Integrative Personalized Medicine expert, consultant, author, and educator whose mission is to change how we approach health and deliver healthcare. She helped to create the Integrative & Functional Medicine program for a family practice residency, has consulted with Sodexo to implement the first personalized nutrition menu for healthcare facilities, and serves as Education Director for several organizations including the Women’s Diagnostic Health Network, Mommies on a Mission. Learn more at https://bobbiklinemd.com 

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THE STRESS X CANCER CONNECTION: FROM THE MENTAL HEALTH COMMUNITY By: Barbara Bartlik, MD | Functional Psychiatrist

Dr. Roberta Kline’s concise and well-written article on stress, cancer, and the immune system underscores the importance of reducing stress. Lowering stress will strengthen the immune system, build resilience, and help the body prevent and withstand cancer. Dr. Kline rightly points out that stress reduction efforts lead to better outcomes for cancer patients.  Dr. Kline suggests many ways to alleviate stress. To reduce psychological and interpersonal stress, seek psychotherapy, meditate, enjoy art, music, or whatever brings you pleasure, and walk in nature. A healthy lifestyle is also key.

Cancer patients usually feel great stress about possible recurrence. Adopting the most health-promoting habits not only brings a sense of agency but also improves general health and well-being and can positively impact cancer risk. Alcohol in excess is now considered carcinogenic. It weakens the immune system, interferes with sleep, exacerbates stress, damages the intestinal lining, and disrupts the microbiota in the gut, which Dr. Kline points out plays a significant role in immune regulation. A low-carb diet with diverse vegetables ensures the consumption of protective nutrients, reduces inflammation, and fosters a healthier gut microbiome. Exercise as much as possible. Getting enough good sleep is essential for many reasons; melatonin produced during sleep has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Exposure to artificial light exposure at night increases cancer risk, particularly in women, possibly by inhibiting the production of melatonin and increasing estrogen.

The connection between stress and cancer is a complex and multifaceted topic. Stress alone doesn't directly cause cancer, it can influence the body's ability to defend itself against the disease. Psychoneuroimmunology, a new and fascinating study of how psychological factors, the nervous system, and immune function interact, provides insight into this connection.  Studies have shown that cancer patients who focus on stress reduction  often experience better outcomes. That information highlights the importance of holistic approaches to cancer treatment that include emotional and mental support  alongside medical interventions.  There is such variability in each type of cancer, that considering stress as a factor in treatment can help develop stronger strategies for prevention and treatment. 

Mary Nielsen, Executive Director / Spectrum Advanced Aesthetics

www.spectrumlasertraining.com

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This article offers a thoughtful perspective on the connection between stress and cancer, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to health. I found the discussion on psychoneuroimmunology fascinating (I had to look it up!) and was particularly intrigued by the role of microbiomes in immune regulation—an area I’ve recently started exploring.

The explanation of cancer’s origins in DNA mutations and the influence of the surrounding microenvironment resonated with me as I continue my personal journey into genomics. The emphasis on individual variability, shaped by metabolism, microbiome, and stress levels, underscores the complexity of cancer research and personalized health. What struck me most was the article’s balanced approach, recognizing stress as a factor without oversimplifying its role or placing blame. The suggestion to combine stress management with medical and lifestyle interventions brings hope that there are actions we can take now..

This piece is a powerful reminder that managing stress is essential not just for mental health but for overall wellbeing. It left me inspired to think more holistically about my health and to explore ways to integrate these insights into daily life. Thank you Dr. Kline!

- Gina Adams | CEO, Wareologie

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OP ED: NEUROMAGNETICS FOR STRESS AND CHRONIC SYMPTOMS

By: Patrick Ziemer

This article speaks volumes to me as far as STRESS AND CANCER. With my own relationship with cancer and other health disorders, I chose to pursue the use of non-invasive neurostimulation technologies (as one of many answers to regenerative health).  I was introduced to Pulsed Electromagnetcs (PEMF) over 20 years ago and researched its benefits for the body. This drove my passion for research, greatly enlightening me about what could be a game-changer for anyone dealing with cancer-related stress and anxiety. 

Fifteen years ago, I experienced the frightening potential of prostate cancer.  My doctor scheduled a biopsy ten weeks out. I utilized the therapy daily over the period, and when the biopsy was performed, the suspected lesion was dead, and I have remained clean ever since with continual sessions. You know how cancer treatment can be overwhelming.  Learning about PEMF therapy, I found this to offer a gentle, non-invasive way to help the body-mind balance during this challenging time. The best way to illustrates this is like a gentle massage for your cells. For the mind, I consistently experienced a "soft reset" when using low frequencies (about 0.5-10 Hz) [1]. These frequencies match your brain's natural relaxation patterns, helping you achieve the peaceful, calm state we all need, especially during cancer treatment [2].

My continued use has corroborated my research that PEMF helps manage stress hormones. Scientists later explained how treatments "naturally reduce cortisol (our primary stress hormone) while boosting those feel-good chemicals in our brains" [3]. I can see how this can be crucial for cancer patients because lower stress levels can support your immune system - something you want to work at its best during treatment [4].

Here's what made me particularly confident and enthusiastic about PEMF for cancer patients:

    It has shown great evidence in improving sleep quality

    It can reduce anxiety (without medication)

    It supports your body's natural healing processes

    It's gentle and can be used right at home [5]

Over the years, I have seen remarkable improvements in people’s quality of life when using PEMF alongside traditional cancer treatments. One study showed that regular PEMF sessions helped reduce stress-related symptoms by 60% - imagine what that could mean for someone going through cancer treatment [6].

Over the years, I always recommend to others to start with short 15-minute sessions and gradually increasing as comfortable. It's like learning to meditate - you start small and build up. The best part? You can often feel the effects of relaxation after just one session. While PEMF isn't a cancer treatment itself, it's a valuable tool for managing the stress and anxiety that often come with chronic disorders and heavy treatments (like cancer treatments). From the first diagnosis to the end point of treatment, therapies like this are about supporting your overall well-being. 

References: [1] Pawluk, W. (2019). Journal of Alternative Medicine [2] Markov, M.S. (2018). Bioelectromagnetics [3] Ross, C.L., et al. (2019). Journal of Inflammation Research [4] Strauch, B., et al. (2016). Pain Research and Management [5] Funk, R.H. (2018). Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine [6] Vincenzi, F., et al. (2017). Journal of Cellular Physiology

DPC: The Modern Movement in Patient Care

Reason #155 Why I Gave Up on my PCP (OpEd)
By: Graciella Davi (editor, WHD)

Unless you are a die-hard allopathic disciple, you may have experience-based insight on the advantages of FUNCTIONAL, INTEGRATIVE, HOLISTIC or PERSONALIZED care.  These terms come from the DIRECT PATIENT CARE society and are not often seen in  your insurance handbook of physicians.  Thanks to the information age, these health models are vastly educating the patient community about what 'true healthcare should be' (contrast from the unending disappointments of insurance-based care).  The DPC concept is fast approaching the fast-lane to the next health revolution. 

Several weeks ago, two days before an important business trip, I was suddenly hammered with the strangest flu-like symptoms. Beyond the seasonal "cough-y, ach-y sneeze-y" feeling, this one hit my joints alongside cold chills, a dramatic cough, stomach pains and sudden fatigue - all at once.  I was seeing myself to be bed-ridden for a week, needless to say that I was not going to make my flight. 

After my 20th sneeze, my phone mysteriously rang and it was one of my recent interviews for the Women's Health digest- looking to finalize her feature.  "Dr. Jess" Sabrowsky recognized immediately that I was far from well, and with little hesitation, she jumped right into doctor mode with "...TRY THIS!". She commanded me some strange yet a seemingly safe  "grandma-type brew" out of left field.  Two tablespoons of oregano in boiling water & a drop of oil, then inhale the steam for about 10 minutes.

I followed her suggestions on the spot (feeling that sick makes you desperate and un-resistant).  After several hours, I started feeling my symptoms break free and dissipate. I repeated this steam treatment 2 more times before going to bed. By the morning... WOW- no symptoms!

I didn't want to rush to thank her without asking around to my network of docs about this trick.  Those who were aware of OREGANO and Oil as an anti-viral concoction were the functional docs on my list. Dr. Google confirms: "Studies in vitro (in a laboratory) have shown that oregano oil can inhibit the replication of several viruses, including herpes simplex virus, influenza virus...(1). Some animal studies have also supported these findings, demonstrating that oregano oil can reduce viral load and improve symptoms in viral infections.(2)"  Another study reported "The antiviral activity of oregano oil is thought to be due to its active compounds, such as carvacrol and thymol. These compounds may interfere with viral replication."(3)

I concluded this experience as another remarkable example of the benefits of Integrative & Functional care. Where I once religiously followed insurance-based conventional care, my much expanded social circle of innovative healers brought me the world of health solutions far older than the FDA or the hospital-based system. Noting that HERBAL medicine dates back as far as 60,000 years ago- I am blessed to receive Dr. Jess' expanded knowledge in this study- deserving great notice for the healthcare evolution.  She and the growing population of integrative docs are vastly educating the world about sensible and effective medicine and how what's considered ALTERNATIVE may someday be the GOLD STANDARD.

1) Healthline: Oregano Oil for Cold and Flu: Does It Work?  (2) Antiviral activity of the Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) essential oil and its main compound carvacrol against human and animal viruses (3) NIH- Essential Oils of Oregano: Biological Activity beyond Their Antimicrobial Properties

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Cancer Symptoms: A Page from  "Dr. Jess' Empowered Wellness Recipe Book"

Dr. Jess Sabrowsky has dedicated her practice to the expansion of personalized Holistic Support for a community of patients suffering from chronic health disorders.  This includes the many challenging symptoms caused by cancers, and its heavy treatments.  Combining conventional sciences with complementary therapies, the following are excerpts from an interview covering her strategies and sample modalities to mitigate the physical, emotional, and mental issues commonly experienced by cancer patients.

- Individualized Treatment Plans: Tailored treatment approaches that combine nutritional counseling, lifestyle modifications, stress management techniques, and targeted supplementation. Dr. Jess refers to her approach as “Brain and Body Wellness”. Examples of tailored treatment plans include weight loss, gut health, eczema, menopause, neuropathy, anxiety and more. 

- Strengthening the Immune System: Utilizing functional medicine approaches to enhance the body's immune system to aid in fighting cancer and support recovery. Examples include Pulse Electromagnetic Field Therapy, Hyperbaric chamber, Nutritional IV drips and supplement recommendations. 

- Minimizing Side Effects of Traditional Cancer Treatments: Providing integrative options to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy, radiation, and other conventional cancer treatments (e.g., nausea, fatigue, and neuropathy). Minimizing side effects with hydration IVs, nutritional support and supplement recommendations. 

- Mental and Emotional Healing: Support through mindfulness practices, meditation, and emotional well-being strategies to help individuals cope with the mental stress of a cancer diagnosis and treatment. Examples include Quantum Neuro Reset Therapy, Biomagnetism, Pulse Electromagnetic Field Therapy as well as nutritional support. Dr. Jess is more than a provider, she is an advocate. 

- Nutritional Therapy and Detox Support: Expert guidance on anti-cancer nutrition, detoxifying the body from harmful chemicals, and fostering a cancer-fighting environment through diet and supplementation. 

MENOPAUSE TODAY: FINAL METAMORPHOSIS OR PSEUDO-DISEASE

According to aging societies, Menopause is defined as  "the cessation of a woman's menstrual periods where she can no longer get pregnant".  They go deeper to illustrate its many disruptive and physical discomforts.  But despite its similar effects, menopause is not a disease or disorder but a biological transitional phase in a woman's life.  It is a notable marker in a woman's timeline where their bodies are more prone to a range of disorders and diseases. Randomly, some women experience various symptoms, including hair loss, hot flashes, night sweats and trouble sleeping.  Others get joint and muscle discomfort, pain during sex, forgetfulness, difficultly concentrating, or a combination of these.  We review these physiological changes and explore touch points for addressing them, perhaps better predict them  and someday even find new solutions to redirect such symptoms to reduce the length of their disruptive effects.

This special feature is brought to you by the Women's Health Collaborative. 

A COMPLEX PHYSIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION
A Meditorial by: Roberta Kline, MD (OB/GYN)

Women go through many changes during the menopausal process that affect their physical, emotional, and spiritual health. It is often a time of awakening and increased awareness of the need for focusing on their goals and their own self-care. 

The increase in awareness of the role of hormones and options such as hormone replacement therapy has been a great door opener to better care that has benefitted many women. Indeed, estrogen is a ubiquitous hormone that influences almost every aspect of our biology, and many of the diseases we see that increase after menopause are linked to these hormonal changes. But not every woman is a good candidate for or benefits from hormone replacement therapy, nor do all women choose this path. 

This then leads them to search for solutions that are aligned with their beliefs and health needs. With so much information (and dis-information) available, it quickly presents its own challenge as each woman tries to sift through what is right for her. In truth, each woman is unique, and how she navigates menopause and life beyond requires an individualized approach.

Cardiovascular disease (including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and stroke), breast cancer, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, dementia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, urinary incontinence, sexual wellbeing, and weight gain are among the many health issues that increase after menopause. While the underpinnings for most chronic diseases often exist 10 – 20 years before they appear, menopause can accelerate the disease process. 

SIFTING THROUGH CONFLICTING STATEMENTS
Whether you are undergoing the variety of disruptive symptoms of menopause or are facing the barrel of that age range, it is important to take note of HOW to discern what information applies to you. In this age of information overload, there isn’t a symptom or question you can’t look up using a search engine or scrolling through various social media sites or chatrooms. With so much information available, it is easy to become overwhelmed. While getting different opinions from various healthcare practitioners can help, it can sometimes lead to more confusion for women as they try to patch together different opinions and recommendations without really getting to the core of what they need to support their health in the way that makes sense for them. This leads to a core set of questions that I hear repeatedly from my patients and clients about how to be more proactive, what do tests results really mean, and what sources can they trust?

PROACTIVE SCREENING
Proactive health screening is designed to detect potential health problems earlier, so you have more options and potentially better outcomes. In addition to standard screening tests, I will individualize recommendations depending on health history and genomic profiles. The genomic profile is highly useful as it can provide important guidance for hidden health risks, along with dietary and supplement needs, enabling a much more focused use of resources for proactive screening strategies. 

That said, here are a few additions I commonly recommend for women as they enter menopause. All of these can be done through your regular ObGyn or PCP, but it’s important to understand that they are looking for disease, not imbalances that can lead to disease, so I will also interpret them through a different lens.

• Bone Density Test
• Request a bone density scan if you have not had one by menopause or age 50.
• Blood Work
• Get comprehensive blood work that goes beyond the basic CBC and chemistry panel, including vitamin D, omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, ferritin; hsCRP, homocysteine, fractionated lipid panel, uric acid; TSH, Free T4, Free T3, Reverse T3; HbA1c.
• Pelvic Exam
• Even though routine pelvic exams are no longer recommended for asymptomatic women, changes related to menopause such as atrophy and lichen sclerosus, both of which can contribute to painful sex, as well as skin cancer can be detected early.

REDISCOVERING THEIR INNER COMPASS
Menopause is a time of entering a new phase in life. In addition to the biological changes, it is often a time of psychospiritual awakening requires reconnection to their inner compass. There is a letting go, a closing of one chapter so that a new one can begin. It involves a shift toward introspection and an increased connection to intuition, while at the same time viewing the world through a wider lens of fairness and justice. Many women feel a call to step into their real selves, often after a lifetime of following someone else’s rules. It’s like the rose-colored glasses come off, and they start questioning fundamental beliefs about their identity, roles and values that have guided their work, relationships, and daily habits. 

They then have new questions, including who are they becoming, how do they find the courage to embrace their new self and live life on their terms, and how do they navigate this all with grace. I have found several ways to help women tap into their inner knowing to answer these questions for themselves. One of the key tools I use to facilitate this process is Human Design.

The release from many societal expectations and forging a new path can ultimately be liberating, but it can also be a challenging time. Many cultures view menopause as a sacred passage to the divine feminine, with a deeper wisdom and authentic connection to self that is highly valued. Rituals and mentors help women navigate this profound transition with grace. However, in a culture that prioritizes youth and values outdated roles, we do not offer rituals, guidance, or support. Instead, women have suffered in silence either because they were afraid to speak up, or their questions and concerns went unheard or were even dismissed.

This is slowly changing. As more women talk openly about menopause, it is losing its taboo status. It brings the gifts and challenges into the light, so we can collectively shift the narrative and support women in navigating their new chapter. Supporting individual women in their journey also reaps benefits for the greater community. Providing women with the resources they need to enter this next phase of life with purpose and meaning in addition to physical health lifts us all. 

AUTHOR AUTHOR

ROBERTA KLINE, MD (Educational Dir. /Women's Diagnostic Group): Dr. Kline is a board-certified ObGyn physician, Integrative Personalized Medicine expert, consultant, author, and educator whose mission is to change how we approach health and deliver healthcare. She helped to create the Integrative & Functional Medicine program for a family practice residency, has consulted with Sodexo to implement the first personalized nutrition menu for healthcare facilities, and serves as Education Director for several organizations including the Women’s Diagnostic Health Network, Mommies on a Mission. Learn more at https://bobbiklinemd.com 

WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH COALITION (WHC) + Feature on Dr. R. Bard/ Diagnostic Imaging

 Psychotherapist Jessica Glynn welcomes you to the Women's Mental Health Coalition

WOMEN'S HEALTH COLLABORATIVE FOR 2025 is comprised of a major expansion program for public education, research, publishing and clinical care. We support global exchange of ideas and sharing concepts that advancing the dial when it comes to improving the state of health for women.  In support of this, our executive team has expanded our group's core (general) function to offer specific interest branches.  In the case of Ms. Jessica Connell, we are launching the WOMEN'S MENTAL HEALTH- which unites professionals in this dedicated field of study.  Furthermore, (as with all health studies), there will be overlaps into other interests that align with mental health and we encourage the hybrid thinking. This is the core of collaboration.

We look forward to your article submissions, useful resources, invitations to group events and other public education opportunities for all of our members and readers. Email us at: editor.prevention101@gmail.com (subject "SUBMISSION REQ.")

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HEALING STRESS AND THE PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM

Written by: Roberta Kline, MD

Analyzing STRESS & ANXIETY from a holistic point of view means identifying the body’s interconnected systems (ie. circulatory, cardiovascular, nervous, lymphatic, endocrine etc.) and its many touch points for stimulation.   This analysis should also offer a comprehensive breakdown of the body's HEALING capacity- which includes our hormones, digestive system, immune system, brain, heart-- all the way down to our cells and mitochondria.  

Stress is part of life, and comes in many forms including physical, emotional, mental and environmental. Foods we eat, unhealthy relationships, difficulties at work, toxins in our environment, even poor posture or lack of sunshine can all create stress on our bodies. But when stress is catastrophic or becomes chronic, it creates imbalances in this functioning that are much more likely to promote disease while at the same time preventing healing from taking place. [1]

With people under record levels of chronic stress, it is no wonder we have an epidemic of people suffering from all sorts of health issues and chronic diseases. Heart disease, diabetes, obesity, pain, anxiety, depression, infertility, cancer, autoimmune diseases such as arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s …. These are just some of the many health conditions that have been linked to diet and lifestyle including chronic stress. [2, 3]

But how does this work? And is meditation the answer to reversing this trend? Science is revealing some interesting clues.

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

One big connection is our nervous system. Our nervous system is our superconductor network of information exchange throughout our bodies, and consists of two main parts. The first is the central nervous system (CNS). As it sounds, it’s our command center where all data comes to be processed, and is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. The second is called the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and it connects every part of our body to our CNS through individual nerve cells called neurons and clusters of neurons known as ganglia.

The PNS is further divided into the Somatic Nervous System, also known as the voluntary nervous system, and the Autonomic Nervous System. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) manages all bodily functions that are not under conscious control. This includes heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, respiration, cellular activity, immune system, hormones, brain function, sexual function, and even body temperature.

The ANS is further divided into two parts: the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS), which regulates our “fight or flight” response, and the Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS), which controls our “rest and digest” response. They work closely together in a complex dance, maintaining our bodily functions and ensuring our survival every second of our lives.

Many health issues, including most chronic diseases such as heart disease, autoimmune disease, diabetes, depression and anxiety, and cancer, are related to an imbalance of our autonomic nervous system. Most typically, it is too much of the “fight or flight” and not enough of the “rest and digest” that leads us into this imbalance. [4]

FLIGHT OR FLIGHT

The Sympathetic Nervous System is located in the CNS, and in the spinal nerves from T1 (the thoracic region) down to L3 (the lumbar region) out to the neurons in the regions of the body supplied by these nerves. This sympathetic response is designed to keep us safe in the face of immediate danger. It signals the brain to turn up the volume on any physiological function crucial to staying to fight or running away from the source of the danger. Catecholamines such as epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine are released and a cascade of events happens rapidly – before we are even consciously aware that there is a threat. These include:

• Blood flow diverted to the heart, lungs and skeletal muscle

• Increased heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate

• Enlargement of bronchioles (in lungs)

• Dilation of pupils

• Rapid conversion of glycogen to glucose for fuel

• Activation of immune system

All other functions, including digestion, urination, higher level thinking, even sexual function and cellular repair, are temporarily turned off, so that all of our energy and resources go only toward ensuring our immediate survival. If the threat goes on for a longer period of time, a secondary system called the HPA (Hypothalamic – Pituitary – Adrenal) Axis takes over and relies on elevated cortisol and other hormonal changes to continue the high alert state.

But our bodies are not designed to be in this activated high-alert state for long periods of time. Once the immediate threat is gone, we are supposed to go back to our normal state of relaxation. This is the job of the Parasympathetic Nervous System.

REST AND DIGEST

The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) is located in the brain stem, includes nerves to the eyes and face, vagus and 10th cranial nerves, and sacral nerves (S2-S4). Regulated in large part by the vagus nerve (75%), it impacts a vast array of crucial bodily functions. When the parasympathetic response is triggered, it counteracts the fight or flight response primarily through release of acetylcholine.

Parasympathetic activation results in production of tears, saliva, and constriction of the pupils; lower and more variable heart rate, lower blood pressure and respiratory rate. It enables creative and critical thinking, normal kidney function and urination, improves immune function, enables sleep, sexual arousal and replenishment of fuel stores in organs; plus everything involved in digesting and utilizing our food including elimination and insulin production. Even mood and social bonding and connection are linked. 

HOW THERAPISTS DIAGNOSE MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES By:  Jessica Connell, LCSW

HOW STRESS IMPACTS HEALTH AND HEALING

Healing requires coordination of a complex array of biological functional and systems. Research is rapidly expanding our understanding of the importance of the parasympathetic response, and how meditation helps to restore balance. While this impacts every biological system, here are some key areas:

Digestion
Nutrients must be properly digested to extract them from our food and into our cells, where they are critical to every function our bodies must carry out. From vitamins and minerals that are needed in every biochemical reaction, to energy production in our mitochondria, to building blocks of our proteins that form our enzymes, neurotransmitters, hormones, even our DNA - all of our cells need these basic materials to function. Stress shuts down our digestion, and if it goes on long enough our cells become depleted of the very nutrients needed to function and repair. 

Immunity

Approximately 90% of our immune system resides in our gastrointestinal tract. While it is needed to defend us against invaders such as bacteria and viruses, it can also go awry if unchecked. This “runaway” inflammation is linked to most chronic diseases, and paradoxically also reduces the ability espond to infections. Our immune system has other functions, including being a cleaning crew. It removes debris left over from battling invaders. It also removes our own dead or badly damaged cells, and signals new and healthy ones to replace them. Stress results in an imbalanced immune system, making us vulnerable to infections as well as chronic disease.

Mitochondria
These tiny structures exist within every cell in the body, and as the “power plants” of the cell they are responsible for producing all of the energy needed for every single function. This energy is produced as ATP and to make it requires key nutrients from food to be digested and absorbed from the gut. But producing this energy also creates toxic molecules, which are neutralized by antioxidants which also come from our diet. If the demand for energy is too great for too long, the mitochondria – and its cell – become damaged. Without healthy mitochondria, cells become damaged, dysfunctional and even die.

Brain

The brain normally utilizes about 20% of our energy supplies, primarily in the form of glucose or ketones. This requires good digestion and healthy mitochondria to keep the brain supplied with fuel to function.  Acetylcholine is a major neuro-transmitter in the brain and in nerve endings through the peripheral nervous system; it is also anti-inflammatory. It is made in the mitochondria using some of the same ingredients needed for ATP production. 

Serotonin, a major neurotransmitter impacting mood, is mostly produced in the gut. When the stress response is prolonged, this depletes the brain’s capacity for creative and critical thinking and mood regulation, often further impairing the ability to deal with stress.

MEDITATION AND HEALTH

While meditation has been practiced in various forms for centuries, and has long been associated with many parameters of improved health and well-being, science is only recently starting to understand the mechanisms by which it works. Studies are demonstrating the positive impact of meditation practices on various disease conditions, and the potential power for it to change the trajectory of this epidemic of chronic disease. Research findings on HOW it works are not all consistent though, as ways of meditating can be quite varied and this seems to impact the results. However, some common threads are emerging; two main mechanisms are outlined below.

Default Mode Network:
One mechanism by which meditation works is by altering connectivity in the brain – the so-called Default Mode Network, or DMN. This is a network of brain regions that is active when the brain is restful but awake. Meditation seems to decrease this DMN activity, leading to increased cortical connectivity [5] - in other words, there is activity connecting areas of the brain that aren’t normally part of this network that enables us to take a different, more detached perspective on things in our life. When we aren’t so attached to events, the sympathetic response is less likely to be triggered, or if it is triggered it is to a lower extent that is easier to recover from.

Vagal Nerve:

Meditation also activates the parasympathetic response, in large part through the vagal nerve. This not only impacts heart rate and other vascular parameters, it also connects our gastrointestinal tract to our brain. There is now a growing body of evidence that this bidirectional communication through the “brain-gut axis” is a complex system that is key to our health, and when it is out of balance is linked to many health issues. [6]

Meditation has been shown to increase vagal nerve activity, or tone, and restore normal functioning of these many systems including digestion, immune response, and brain neuroplasticity/resilience. [6] It is thought that one way this occurs is through deep breathing, although there may be other mechanisms in play.  As we learn more about how meditation works and how it influences our biology, we can develop more targeted and personalized approaches to maximize its potential – while making it easy and accessible for people to integrate into their daily lives.

EPILOGUE

In a recent MedTech Review of a meditation and brain optimizing device called BrainTap®,  Dr. Kline and her colleagues took on the task of assessing its ‘active ingredients’- binaural beats, isochronic tones, holographic music and blue/red light. (see complete tech review) It is found that these neurosensory applications have had a long history in other devices also supporting the science and wellness communities for their reactive properties.  Having collected the vast majority of user testimonials online, and clinical reports from fellow team mate, Dr. Leslie Valle Montoya (Santa Barbara, CA) who had already spent the better part of 3 years with the device on her patients, these reviews added greatly to our peace of mind about consumer safety.  

Academically, the appeal in assessing this specific product is partly due to the diverse and multiple points of wellness that the device was designed to target.  A wide range of brain and mental health-related specialists alike may truly enjoy conducting their own independent case study of this device, each using their specific level of science to assess its array of claimed benefits.  Areas like the parasympathetic nervous system, brain optimizing and stress & anxiety are just some of the key points of interest worth exploring.  If the device in fact aligns and supports Dr. Kline’s multi-layered physiological roadmap to wellness and the user’s reaction(s) in the meditation state, a fair and comprehensive tech review of this device should be best achieved under multiple streams of evaluators.  Reporting on its assessed benefits would then be a matter of the collective team trading notes for all areas of common ground.

ROBERTA KLINE, MD (Educational Dir. /Women's Diagnostic Group) is a board-certified ObGyn physician, Integrative Personalized Medicine expert, consultant, author, and educator whose mission is to change how we approach health and deliver healthcare. She helped to create the Integrative & Functional Medicine program for a family practice residency, has consulted with Sodexo to implement the first personalized nutrition menu for healthcare facilities, and serves as Education Director for several organizations including the Women’s Diagnostic Health Network, Mommies on a Mission. Learn more at https://robertaklinemd.com/

THE CRITICAL ROLE OF DIAGNOSTICS IN HEALTH AND WELLNESS  By: Dr. Jess Sabrowsky DNP, RN, FNP-BC What I have learned over the years is the importance of listening to the patient, but equally, the importance of using data-driven diagnostics to make real-time decisions about care. This is not just about numbers on a chart—it is about understanding the full picture of your health, long before symptoms arise. We need to use technology, diagnostics, and assessment techniques to gather real data. Data that can guide each patient on their unique health journey. Diagnostics help us understand the true state of a person’s health, even when they may not feel “sick.” This is where the rubber meets the road: when you find a PCP who truly understands the importance of these tools and works with you to achieve your wellness goals and who also has skills beyond the transitional medical model to help you live your best life. Having difficult conversations is uncomfortable, but it is necessary for growth. If you want a healthcare provider who will partner with you—someone who creates a safe space, builds trust, and encourages honest dialogue to support long-term growth—then you must also be willing to put in the effort. Finding a provider who matches your commitment to your health, and one who uses diagnostics to empower you, is key to achieving your goals. WHY DIAGNOSTICS MATTER In short, diagnostics are essential because they offer concrete, actionable insights into your health that go beyond surface-level symptoms. They help uncover hidden health risks and enable early intervention, which can be the difference between preventing a chronic condition or managing it effectively. Diagnostics allow for personalized care tailoring interventions to meet the specific needs of the individual based on real, measurable data. I also would add that as a provider I prefer to reference functional lab ranges when reviewing results as I find that I can make small preventative recommendations and also challenge individuals and providers to think outside the box when looking to help resolve health conditions, like in the case of my daughter who otherwise would still be suffering. Let’s aim to stop the suffering and optimize wellness for all who seek it.

Wound Healing & Exosomes for the Skin

INTRODUCTION

Our publication's first interaction with Dr. Jordan Plews was during HealthTech Reporter's pilot program where Dr. Robert Bard conducted a performance test of the ELEVAI Exosomes product (Image R).  Dr. Plews, CEO of Elevai collaborated with BardDiagnostics to explore quantifiable  effects of the skin regenerative product, offering a new way of monitoring the progress of a topical serum.  This "test drive" employed the use of hospital-grade 3D Ultrasound, showing remarkable epidermal and subdermal progress with Dr. Plews' exosomes' during a limited time period.

The exploratory relationship continued to grow as both clinical minds entertained other potential benefits of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for its directed use and beyond. The expansion of regenerative medicine brought Drs. Bard and Plews a common appreciation for each others' work in the spirit of publishing new findings for the progress of exosome science as future co-investigators.  This is also evident in this latest report on "Wound Healing & Exosomes for the Skin"- where Dr. Plews brings a clear path of understanding about the regenerative potential for platelet-derived extracellular vesicles.

UNVEILING THE POWER OF CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
Written by Jordan R. Plews, PhD

As a biochemical engineer, molecular biologist, and stem cell researcher, I'm constantly fascinated by the body's intricate communication networks. One particularly exciting area is the field of exosomes, tiny extracellular vesicles released by cells that act as messengers, carrying vital cargo to influence the behavior of recipient cells. In the realm of dermatology, exosomes hold immense potential for promoting and supporting skin health and regeneration. However, it's crucial to understand not only the source of these messengers but also the specific content they deliver for optimal results.

Exosomes: Nature's Nanoscale Communication Network
Exosomes are naturally occurring, membrane-bound nanoparticles (30-150 nm) secreted by various cell types. They carry a rich cargo of proteins, lipids, and genetic material, including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) [1]. This molecular payload allows exosomes to act as intercellular signaling units, influencing the behavior of recipient cells.

In the context of skin, exosomes play a vital role in various processes. They contribute to wound healing, tissue regeneration, immune modulation, and even pigmentation regulation [2, 3]. However, it's important to differentiate between exosomes derived from different cell sources.

Plant vs. Human Exosomes: A Tale of Two Kingdoms
The recent surge in interest in exosomes has led to the exploration of plant-derived options. While plant exosomes may possess intriguing properties, it's crucial to recognize the fundamental limitations. Human and plant cells belong to distinct biological kingdoms with vastly different cellular structures, signaling pathways, and metabolic processes [4]. Therefore, plant exosomes might not be well-suited for addressing human skin concerns. Their cargo may not effectively interact with our cellular machinery, hindering their ability to deliver the desired effects.

Platelets vs. MSCs: Unveiling the Superior Source for Skin Rejuvenation
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered considerable attention in aesthetics. However, as a stem cell researcher, I find them to be a limited source for comprehensive skin rejuvenation. While platelet EVs offer some beneficial growth factors, their cargo is comparatively restricted compared to exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [5].

MSCs are multipotent adult stem cells with the remarkable potential to differentiate into various cell types. Importantly, MSCs can be isolated from numerous adult tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and even umbilical cord and placenta [6].

The Power of Younger Sources: Unveiling a Superior Exosome Profile
Interestingly, the source of MSCs significantly impacts the exosome profile. Human MSCs derived from younger sources, such as umbilical cord (hUMSCs) and placenta exhibit several advantages over those from bone marrow or adipose tissue [7, 8]. Here's why:

1. Enhanced Proliferative Capacity: Younger MSC sources possess a higher proliferation rate, leading to a greater yield of exosomes for therapeutic applications, and have been shown to improve the function of older MSCs [9].

2. Superior miRNA and Growth Factor Profile: hUMSCs secrete exosomes rich in specific miRNAs and growth factors known to promote cell proliferation, migration, and tissue regeneration [10, 11]. These factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), all crucial players in the wound healing cascade.

3. Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects: Exosomes from younger MSC sources display pronounced anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties [12]. This is particularly beneficial for addressing conditions like chronic wounds or acne, where inflammation plays a key role.

Harnessing the Power of Exosomes for Skin Regeneration: The 4-Phase Wound Healing Cascade

The human body possesses a remarkable ability to heal wounds through a well-defined, four-phase process:

● Hemostasis (0-1 day): This initial phase focuses on stopping bleeding through platelet aggregation and clot formation.

● Inflammation (1-3 days): The body initiates an inflammatory response to remove damaged tissue and prepare for repair.

● Proliferation (3-21 days): New blood vessels are formed, and fibroblasts migrate to the wound site to synthesize collagen, the building block of new tissue.

● Remodeling (~14 days – 2 years): The newly formed tissue matures and strengthens, eventually returning the skin to its pre-injury state [13].

Exosomes sourced from young MSCs, such as human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs), hold tremendous potential to support each phase of this process. Their cargo of growth factors can accelerate the proliferation phase, while their anti-inflammatory properties can shorten the inflammatory phase. Additionally, miRNAs contained within these exosomes can regulate gene expression to promote tissue repair and regeneration [14].

Conclusion

In conclusion, exosomes represent a promising frontier in dermatology. However, it is crucial to select the right exosome source for optimal results. While plant-derived exosomes may offer some benefits, human-derived exosomes, particularly those from younger MSC sources, provide a superior profile of bioactive molecules to more effectively address a broad array of skin concerns, as many trace back to lack of completion of the canonical four phases of wound healing. By understanding the science behind exosomes and the intricacies of the wound healing cascade, we can harness their power to promote healthier, younger-looking skin.

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Jordan R. Plews is an expert at the intersection of biochemical engineering, stem cell research, and regenerative medicine with a particular focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and human longevity. He graduated with 1st class honors in Biochemical Engineering from the University of London and completed doctorate research in Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research at University College London, specializing in Somatic Cell Reprogramming. After working as part of Pfizer's bioprocess development group in bioprocess design and scale up, he conducted postdoctoral research at Stanford, looking at ways to apply stem cells in inventive and practical ways to treat disease. He held key roles at med/biotech companies like Velos, Becton Dickinson, and Xytogen Biotech, where he developed innovative products for researchers, clinicians, and consumers. At Natera, he lead the launch of Signatera, a personalized genomics based cancer diagnostic. In 2020, he co-founded ELEVAI, creating advanced skincare solutions using human stem cell exosomes. His research, published in leading journals, explores the relationship between stem cells, aging, and disease to enhance and extend healthy lifespan.

THE CRITICAL ROLE OF DIAGNOSTICS IN HEALTH AND WELLNESS  By: Dr. Jess Sabrowsky DNP, RN, FNP-BC What I have learned over the years is the importance of listening to the patient, but equally, the importance of using data-driven diagnostics to make real-time decisions about care. This is not just about numbers on a chart—it is about understanding the full picture of your health, long before symptoms arise. We need to use technology, diagnostics, and assessment techniques to gather real data. Data that can guide each patient on their unique health journey. Diagnostics help us understand the true state of a person’s health, even when they may not feel “sick.” This is where the rubber meets the road: when you find a PCP who truly understands the importance of these tools and works with you to achieve your wellness goals and who also has skills beyond the transitional medical model to help you live your best life. Having difficult conversations is uncomfortable, but it is necessary for growth. If you want a healthcare provider who will partner with you—someone who creates a safe space, builds trust, and encourages honest dialogue to support long-term growth—then you must also be willing to put in the effort. Finding a provider who matches your commitment to your health, and one who uses diagnostics to empower you, is key to achieving your goals. WHY DIAGNOSTICS MATTER In short, diagnostics are essential because they offer concrete, actionable insights into your health that go beyond surface-level symptoms. They help uncover hidden health risks and enable early intervention, which can be the difference between preventing a chronic condition or managing it effectively. Diagnostics allow for personalized care tailoring interventions to meet the specific needs of the individual based on real, measurable data. I also would add that as a provider I prefer to reference functional lab ranges when reviewing results as I find that I can make small preventative recommendations and also challenge individuals and providers to think outside the box when looking to help resolve health conditions, like in the case of my daughter who otherwise would still be suffering. Let’s aim to stop the suffering and optimize wellness for all who seek it.

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References

1. Raposo, G., & Stoorvogel, W. (2013). Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends. Journal of Cell Biology, 200(4), 373-383.  

2. Qin, Xinchi, et al. "The functions and clinical application potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on wound repair: a review of recent research advances." Frontiers in Immunology 14 (2023): 1256687.

3. Liu, Ying, Haidong Wang, and Juan Wang. "Exosomes as a novel pathway for regulating development and diseases of the skin." Biomedical reports 8.3 (2018): 207-214.

4. Bloemendal, S., Kück, U. Cell-to-cell communication in plants, animals, and fungi: a comparative review. Naturwissenschaften 100, 3–19 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-012-0988-z

5. Anderson JD, Johansson HJ, Graham CS, Vesterlund M, Pham MT, Bramlett CS, Montgomery EN, Mellema MS, Bardini RL, Contreras Z, Hoon M, Bauer G, Fink KD, Fury B, Hendrix KJ, Chedin F, El-Andaloussi S, Hwang B, Mulligan MS, Lehtiö J, Nolta JA. Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Reveals Modulation of Angiogenesis via Nuclear Factor-KappaB Signaling. Stem Cells. 2016 Mar;34(3):601-13. doi: 10.1002/stem.2298. Epub 2016 Feb 19. PMID: 26782178; PMCID: PMC5785927.

6. Dominici, M., Le Blanc, K., Mueller, I., Slaper-Cortenbach, I., Marini, F., Krause, D. E., ... & Horwitz, E. M. (2006). Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy, 8(4), 315-317.  

7. Teng L, Maqsood M, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Kang M, Zhou J, Chen J. Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing via Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization, Angiogenesis, and Collagen Deposition. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Sep 9;23(18):10421. doi: 10.3390/ijms231810421. PMID: 36142334; PMCID: PMC9498995.

8. Wang, Zg., He, Zy., Liang, S. et al. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of exosomes derived from human bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 11, 511 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-02032-8

9. Zhang, N., Zhu, J., Ma, Q. et al. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord MSCs rejuvenate aged MSCs and enhance their functions for myocardial repair. Stem Cell Res Ther 11, 273 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-01782-9

10. Zhang, Z., Mi, T., Jin, L. et al. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of exosome mimetic vesicles and exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 13, 312 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-03008-6

11. Bian, D., Wu, Y., Song, G. et al. The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivative exosome in skin wound healing: a comprehensive review. Stem Cell Res Ther 13, 24 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-021-02697-9

12. Yari, H., Mikhailova, M.V., Mardasi, M. et al. Emerging role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived exosome in neurodegeneration-associated conditions: a groundbreaking cell-free approach. Stem Cell Res Ther 13, 423 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-03122-5

13. Velnar T, Bailey T, Smrkolj V. The wound healing process: an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Int Med Res. 2009 Sep-Oct;37(5):1528-42. doi: 10.1177/147323000903700531. PMID: 19930861.

14. Toghiani, R., Azimian Zavareh, V., Najafi, H. et al. Hypoxia-preconditioned WJ-MSC spheroid-derived exosomes delivering miR-210 for renal cell restoration in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 15, 240 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-03845-7