Friday, May 2, 2025

EDITOR'S REVIEW: "Pioneering the Art of the CONSULT with a Functional Medicine Approach"

Introduction
In the ever-evolving landscape of women's health, particularly during the menopausal transition, conventional care models often fall short in addressing the complex, interconnected factors contributing to a woman’s symptoms and well-being. Dr. Roberta Kline, an Integrative Personalized Medicine physician specializing in functional genomics, offers a forward-thinking, patient-centered alternative through her virtual Functional Health Consults — a comprehensive, root-cause-focused approach designed to empower women at midlife and beyond.

A Functional Health Guidance Consult: Redefining Menopause Care
Dr. Kline’s model of care, which she calls a Functional Health Guidance Consult, transcends the traditional 15-minute, insurance-driven medical appointment. Rather than treating isolated symptoms with standardized prescriptions, she investigates the underlying causes of health concerns by examining the intricate interactions between genetics, lifestyle, diet, hormonal shifts, and environmental exposures.

This integrative, systems-based philosophy positions the patient at the center of care, encouraging active participation and personalized strategies tailored to each woman’s unique physiology, history, and personal goals. While conventional providers may rely on routine lab work and generic recommendations, Dr. Kline’s consults involve an in-depth evaluation of genomic, nutritional, and biochemical data, combined with a thorough understanding of the patient’s family history, personal risks, and lifestyle patterns.

Functional Medicine in Practice: A Holistic, Data-Driven Process
A recent patient experience illustrates the distinctive benefits of Dr. Kline’s approach. Initially seeking help for elevated cholesterol, the patient found that the consultation extended well beyond lipid levels. Dr. Kline explored the patient’s brain health, hormonal changes, and genetic predispositions — factors frequently overlooked in mainstream care, yet critical during the menopausal transition.

She began by carefully reviewing inconclusive baseline labs provided by the patient’s primary care physician, then recommended more comprehensive tests to uncover deeper metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory imbalances. Rather than offering immediate prescriptions or generalized advice, Dr. Kline outlined a phased, evidence-based plan addressing nutrition, lifestyle modifications, stress management, and strategic supplementation.

One hallmark of her consults is the integration of nutrigenomics, the science of how individual genetic variations influence nutrient metabolism, detoxification, inflammation, and hormonal balance. Through a simple cheek swab, Dr. Kline assessed how the patient’s genes might impact their ability to process certain nutrients or respond to environmental triggers — valuable insights for customizing dietary and supplement recommendations.

Addressing Gaps in Insurance-Based Medicine
Dr. Kline also educates her patients on the limitations of insurance-driven healthcare models, which typically prioritize baseline wellness visits and symptom management over preventative, personalized interventions. For women with elevated risk for chronic conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular illness, and osteoporosis, proactive care is essential but often uncovered. Dr. Kline empowers patients to advocate for themselves within these systems while offering out-of-pocket solutions to bridge these gaps.

Supporting Midlife Health with Practical, Personalized Strategies
In addition to clinical insights, Dr. Kline’s consults often include a detailed review of dietary habits and supplement routines. She guides patients in auditing their intake to avoid excessive or unnecessary supplementation, ensuring safety and optimizing efficacy. This personalized, actionable advice helps women navigate a complex midlife health landscape with clarity and confidence.

A Unique Contribution to Women’s Health
Dr. Roberta Kline’s virtual Functional Health Consults represent a vital, progressive option for women navigating menopause and midlife changes. By combining genomics, advanced diagnostics, lifestyle medicine, and compassionate coaching, her approach provides meaningful alternatives to standardized care. Through her work, Dr. Kline advocates for smarter aging, personalized longevity, and a more empowered experience for women at every stage of life.



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Related feature:
UPPING THE TECH BEHIND REMOTE HEALTH CONSULTS;VIRTUALIZATION AND THE AGE OF DIGITIZED MEDICAL ACCESS
BardDiagnostics partnered with Dr. Kline to form a remote HEALTH GUIDANCE CONSULT program with the use of the TelemedScans program, designed to connect patients with clinical diagnostic collaborators with remote access to help identify an intelligent set of health options.  Employing a HIPAA Compliant EMR platform, BardDiagnostics patients from any physical location can receive their private telehealth consult... (see full feature)




IT ALL STARTS WITH THE RIGHT CONSULT
"As a Holistic Midlife Coach, I absolutely love the pioneering concept behind Functional Health Guidance Consult (by Dr. Kline) — it’s outstanding. She takes the integrative, holistic view to a whole new level and it really feels like the heart of the approach. Dr. Kline’s capacity to discern and address the fundamental etiologies underlying a patient’s health concerns — a dimension of clinical assessment that is frequently underemphasized in conventional medical practice. Her evaluative approach integrates both rigorous analytical methodology and a recognition of patient intuition, particularly among female patients who often possess an intrinsic awareness of physiological or emotional imbalance, even when such perceptions conflict with prevailing medical narratives. By validating these intuitive experiences within the clinical encounter, Dr. Kline not only enhances diagnostic accuracy but also facilitates a process of patient affirmation and empowerment, thereby contributing meaningfully to the therapeutic alliance and the patient’s overall health trajectory-  helping women move seamlessly from diagnosis to living healthier, fuller lives." - By Sabine Gee, Midlife Health & Menopause Expert 


PERSONALIZED HEALTH: VISIONARY FUTURE OF PATIENT CARE
"Functional medicine is a valuable tool in helping midlife women navigate perimenopause and menopause. As hormones begin to fluctuate in early perimenopause, women are often left feeling confused by symptoms and frustrated with conventional medicine that tells them their labs and bloodwork look normal. Dr. Kline’s holistic approach to health allows women to understand their hormonal changes while offering solutions and strategies for symptom relief based on individual genetics, physiology, health history, and lifestyle. Through a detailed consultation, Dr. Kline can uncover the root cause of health concerns that (combined with the changes that perimenopause and menopause bring) create a unique midlife journey for every woman.  The whole-person approach that Dr. Kline utilizes emphasizes the importance of lifestyle factors such as nutrition, sleep, stress, movement, and mindset. Her method goes beyond managing symptoms—it empowers women to participate in their health with personalized tools that support sustainable change. In a phase of life that can feel isolating or dismissed, Dr. Kline offers women the chance to be truly seen and supported. Her work is a reminder that menopause is not a problem to fix but a transition to understand, embrace, and navigate with greater clarity and care." - Felicia Jackson: Women's Health Coach 






Learning About MY Menopausal Symptoms Through Functional Health

(Excerpts from "WOMAN2.0: Personalized Strategies to MIDLIFE DISORDERS")
By: Gina Adams - Co-Editor of Women's Health Digest News


Facing the deeper end of MENOPAUSE, I realize it's time I explored a more intelligent form of care.  I have relied on conventional providers subscribing to template answers that so many of my friends and family simply finds to fall short of useful.

 I found the concept of Functional Medicine years ago but it wasn't until recently did I realize how much this actually spoke to me.  As I undergo this "natural transition that everyone with female reproductive organs will experience",  I found there is so much more that we can do to mitigate its adverse effects, and I am eager to explore and share strategies for navigating this stage of life while fostering my own growth along the way.

 

My Functional Health Consultation
I recently had the pleasure of meeting with Dr. Roberta Kline for an initial assessment of my genomics. Initially, I sought her expertise to address my high cholesterol, but our consultation went far beyond that. She provided a comprehensive understanding of how various factors—brain health, nutrition, and genetics—intersect to influence early and mid-menopause symptoms. This experience underscored the importance of considering all aspects of life when addressing health concerns. We plan to meet again after further testing to develop a more tailored approach.

Our consultation began with a review of my initial lab results, which included blood work prescribed by my primary care physician (PCP). While most of the results fell within normal ranges, some indicated elevated lipid levels. Dr. Kline took the time to explain the numerous factors that can impact cholesterol and emphasized the need for a deeper understanding of its underlying causes.

Her approach falls under what she refers to as a "Functional Health Guidance Consult." This was my first exposure to functional medicine, a concept I had only recently come across while researching hormone replacement therapy (HRT). I initially explored HRT as a potential alternative to statins, which had been causing adverse effects. When I met with a different doctor, they suggested looking into functional medicine, as it encompasses a broader, whole-body approach and may sometimes be covered by insurance. As I continue my research, I am eager to understand the distinctions between functional medicine and conventional treatments.

The Limitations of Insurance-Based Medicine
Insurance-based medicine primarily focuses on maintaining baseline health and covering annual wellness visits. However, for individuals at risk of chronic conditions, such as myself—with a family history of Alzheimer's and heart disease—preventative measures are crucial. Unfortunately, traditional insurance plans often do not cover the proactive, holistic interventions that can promote long-term health and well-being. Recognizing this gap, I chose to invest in my health out-of-pocket to explore personalized solutions aimed at optimizing longevity and quality of life.

A Holistic Perspective
What sets Dr. Kline apart is her commitment to examining every facet of an individual's health. Beyond diet and exercise, she delves into genetics, identifying predispositions that might otherwise go unnoticed. Traditional PCPs rarely explore these factors, often limiting their assessments to surface-level lab results. According to Dr. Kline, these standard tests provide only a fraction of the necessary information to truly understand an individual’s health status.

By taking a comprehensive approach, functional medicine addresses the root causes of health issues rather than just managing symptoms. This perspective has been eye-opening for me, reinforcing the importance of personalized, preventative care in navigating menopause and overall well-being.

Supplements Audit
I consider myself somewhat of a supplement enthusiast. While I strive to maintain a healthy diet—primarily following a Mediterranean approach by minimizing processed foods and focusing on whole grains and fresh salads—I have incorporated various supplements into my routine.

Initially, I started with a multivitamin, but due to concerns about hair loss, I began taking supplements containing biotin. Additionally, friends recommended various vitamins and probiotics, which I occasionally included in my regimen. Living in Michigan, where the cold weather increases the risk of seasonal illnesses, I also take a probiotic from time to time to support my immune system. As I age, I’ve added calcium and magnesium supplements to my routine to support bone health.

Recognizing the potential risks of excessive supplementation, I decided to create a spreadsheet to track my intake of vitamins and minerals. This will help ensure that I am not exceeding safe levels or experiencing any adverse effects. While I do not take these supplements daily, I use them to address potential nutritional gaps, particularly in areas like protein and other essential nutrients that may not be abundant in my diet.

After reviewing my supplement intake, I plan to follow up with Dr. Kline once I complete my spreadsheet to analyze my overall nutrient intake. During our initial discussion, we also reviewed my diet, but she recommended a more detailed look at my lab results before making further recommendations. I am currently awaiting a prescription from my primary care physician to proceed with additional testing, which will provide a deeper insight into my current nutritional status.

Functional medicine is a patient-centered, science-based approach to healthcare that seeks to address the root causes of disease rather than just managing symptoms. It focuses on understanding the interactions between genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors that contribute to health and chronic illness. Functional medicine practitioners use a systems-oriented approach, consider the body as an interconnected whole, rather than isolating issues to specific organs or symptoms.


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Brain fog, memory glitches, and cognitive slowdown — for many women, menopause marks a turning point in brain health. Now, cutting-edge imaging is offering a clearer view into the brain’s wellbeing and early warning signs of disease. Your host Marilyn Abrahamson (brain health coach) spotlights MenoScan and the expertise of Dr. Robert Bard, a world-renowned pioneer in advanced ultrasound imaging. 


Episode 1: MENOPAUSE SUFFERER TURNED EMPOWERMENT COACH "MENO-GUIDE" - The producers of MenoNews proudly launches MenoTalks Healthcast- and our first guest, Ms. SABINE GEE, recognized midlife health/wellness expert and menopause coach.  Ms. Gee captured the attention of our clinical directors for her work as a patient advocate, a researcher and for her dedicated outreach initiative to perimenopausal women and current sufferers. "Sabine has the voice of compassion, deep insight and true commitment to finding answers for us, including her experience based discoveries that truly help guide us all during this challenging and transformative process!"


5/21/2025 - From an exclusive interview with thyroid health expert Dr. Angela Mazza (Integrative Endocrinologist), we produced a spotlight on the key insights on Hormones, Longevity, and Wellness. "Thyroid health plays a critical role in nearly every physiological process of the body, influencing metabolism, brain function, heart health, and more. Yet, despite its significance, the nuances of thyroid function remain elusive for many. As we age, maintaining optimal thyroid function is an essential component of overall well-being, and understanding the balance of thyroid hormones can help prevent future health challenges."



A Patient’s Guide to Understanding Midlife Symptoms and Personalized Care Options

Midlife can bring unexpected changes to a woman’s body and mind. Symptoms like brain fog, weight gain, hair thinning, and mood swings often appear gradually, leaving many women to wonder if it’s just part of getting older. In reality, these issues frequently stem from hormonal changes during perimenopause and menopause — and understanding this connection is key to finding relief.

This guide aims to help women recognize the signs of hormone imbalance, explore comprehensive care options, and take meaningful steps toward better midlife health.

Why Midlife Symptoms Are Often Overlooked
Many women dismiss midlife symptoms or accept them as inevitable, in part because conventional healthcare often takes a limited approach to diagnosing and treating them. Routine blood tests and brief appointments may not uncover the full picture, leaving underlying hormonal shifts, genetic risk factors, and lifestyle influences unaddressed.

Fortunately, awareness is growing. Conversations in popular health podcasts and media have begun to spotlight the importance of hormone health and comprehensive care during this life stage.

The Role of Integrative and Personalized Medicine
Integrative and personalized medicine offers a patient-centered alternative to conventional care. Physicians in this field focus on prevention and whole-person health, considering how genetics, lifestyle, environment, and stress all interact to influence wellness.

One example is Dr. Roberta Kline, an Integrative Personalized Medicine physician specializing in functional genomics. Physicians like Dr. Kline work closely with patients to evaluate personal health histories, family medical risks, and specific health goals. This deeper understanding allows for care plans tailored to each individual, rather than relying solely on standardized treatments.


What to Expect from a Comprehensive Evaluation
Unlike standard medical visits, integrative practitioners may review inconclusive past lab results and recommend additional testing. These can include:

    ● Expanded hormone panels

    ● Nutrient and inflammatory marker tests

     Genetic and nutrigenomic evaluations

Nutrigenomic testing is particularly valuable, offering insight into how your genes influence metabolism, inflammation, detoxification, and nutrient absorption. This information can guide personalized diet, supplement, and lifestyle recommendations.


Managing Costs and Navigating Insurance
It’s important to know that many functional medicine services and tests are not covered by insurance. However, many integrative practices offer phased care options, starting with essential labs and basic lifestyle changes before advancing to more specialized testing.

Some physicians can assist in navigating insurance limitations, advocating for medically necessary services and providing science-backed documentation when needed.


Taking Charge of Your Midlife Health
Whether facing hormone-related changes, increased risk for heart disease, bone loss, or cognitive decline, midlife is an important time to reassess your health priorities. A personalized care model can help you:

    ● Understand what’s happening in your body

    ● Identify root causes of symptoms

     Build a step-by-step action plan for sustainable health

    ● Receive individualized guidance based on your unique risk factors and goals

Most importantly, this approach empowers you to make informed choices, rather than settling for short, symptom-focused visits.


EPILOGUE: You Deserve More Than “It’s Just Aging”
If you’re navigating midlife health changes, know that you don’t have to go it alone — and you don’t have to accept vague answers. Integrative and personalized care offers tools to uncover underlying causes, address them proactively, and improve your long-term quality of life.

Exploring these options can help you move through midlife with clarity, confidence, and control over your health journey.

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Thursday, April 24, 2025

DIAGNOSTIC PROGRAM: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHSCANNING THROUGH ADVANCED LAB TESTING

Occupational Exposures- intro for "Get Checked Now!"

This testing program is designed by Dr. Roberta Kline exclusively for BARDDIAGNOSTCS and its patients.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH TESTING PROGRAM
When it comes to toxic exposures, health hazards exist in lesser or greater quantity - especially in the more dangerous jobs (ie. firefighting, construction, engine work etc). For the many Americans who dedicated an extended period of their careers to potentially toxic exposures, this comprehensive clinical testing program offers direct insight into their genetic predispositions for potentially adverse responses to occupational exposures.  The selected testing also identifies predisposition to common cancers, chronic diseases, and other health issues.  

Along with their DNA predisposition profiles, the client also receives personalized guidance about how this gathered information applies to their actual healthcare approach, and proactive strategies they can take to mitigate the impact on their health. 


PHASE 1: GENETIC PREDISPOSITION 
The first phase of this program establishes a client's actual genetic blueprint rendering the foundation of a personalized approach to minimizing exposure risks and optimizing health. 

1) GENETIC TESTING: Genetic testing and interpretation of inherited mutations for common cancers (including breast, prostate, pancreatic, ovarian, colorectal, stomach, and melanoma) and cardiovascular disease.  

2) NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS TESTING: Genomic testing and interpretation of SNPs in many systems underlying health, including the processing of environmental toxins, nutrition, sleep, heart disease, brain health, mood, diabetes, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial health, hormones, cancers, exercise and injury, bone density.   

3) PHARMACOGENOMIC TESTING: Genomic testing and interpretation of SNPs in genes associated with medication response, including adverse reactions and effectiveness.  


PHASE 2: BIOLOGICAL & HEALTH IMPACT 

The next segment of this program assesses the impact of toxin exposures as they interact with genetic predisposition and affecting the biological systems that support health. Each client also receives personalized guidance and strategies for addressing any ongoing exposures and improving biological functioning and health. 

  1. 1) TOXIN TESTING: Specialized testing to assess current levels of a wide variety of toxins encountered in the workplace and home environments, with personalized strategies for supporting your internal detoxification systems to reduce their levels and impact. 


  1. 2) EPIGENETIC TESTING: Epigenetic testing and interpretation to assess how environmental exposures, diet, and lifestyle are interacting with your genetic predispositions, impacting real-time gene expression and health risks including how fast your cells are aging, general cancer and disease risks, immune health, smoking and alcohol exposures. 


  1. 3) FUNCTIONAL LAB TESTING: Additional specialized lab tests to assess areas identified as potential targets of toxins, directly or indirectly. Personalized to each client, these can include assessments of hormones, mitochondria, oxidative stress, microbiome, stress, sleep and more. 



PART 2: ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND THE BODY: "WHY SOME GET SICK AND OTHERS DON’T"

Despite similar workplace conditions, not every individual responds to environmental hazards in the same way. This discrepancy stems from the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition, cumulative toxin exposure, lifestyle factors, and overall biological resilience.

When environmental toxins—like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, combustion byproducts, pesticides, and industrial chemicals—enter the body, they’re processed through detoxification pathways largely governed by genes. Individuals with inherited variants in detox genes such as GSTT1, CYP2D6, NQO1, and SOD2 may struggle to effectively neutralize and eliminate these substances, allowing toxic metabolites to accumulate. Over time, this bioaccumulation leads to oxidative stress, DNA damage, endocrine disruption, and immune dysregulation, setting the stage for chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular issues, autoimmune conditions, and neurological disorders.

Moreover, epigenetic changes—alterations in gene expression triggered by environmental exposures—can modify how genes behave without altering their underlying DNA sequence. This means that prolonged occupational exposures may “turn on” genes associated with inflammation or carcinogenesis, or “turn off” protective tumor suppressor genes. Epigenetic testing, as featured in this program, helps capture this dynamic, providing real-time insights into how one’s environment is influencing their genetic risk profile.


HIGH-RISK JOBS AND OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY LIMITATIONS

Certain professions inherently carry a greater burden of toxic exposures due to the nature of their work environments and materials handled. Among the highest risk occupations:

* Firefighters and Emergency Responders: Regular exposure to combustion byproducts, flame retardants, and hazardous particulates.

* Construction and Demolition Workers: Contact with asbestos, silica dust, lead, VOCs, solvents, and heavy metals.

* Industrial Manufacturing Employees: Repeated exposure to industrial chemicals, degreasers, paints, and glues in poorly ventilated settings.

* Miners and Oil Rig Workers: Exposure to dust particles, diesel exhaust, heavy metals, and hydrocarbons.

* Agricultural Workers: Chronic contact with pesticides, fertilizers, fungicides, and other agrochemicals.

* Healthcare Workers: Exposure to anesthetic gases, sterilizing agents, chemotherapeutics, and infectious biological hazards.

While regulatory agencies such as OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) set permissible exposure limits (PELs) and recommended safety practices, these standards are built around population averages and do not account for individual genetic susceptibility.

For genetically predisposed workers, even exposures deemed “acceptable” under current safety guidelines can silently accumulate adverse effects over time. Further complicating this, many occupational safety limits are based on outdated data and often don’t address newer, more insidious exposures like ultrafine particles and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which may cause health damage at subclinical exposure levels.


THE FUTURE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MONITORING

This advanced occupational testing program signifies a transformative shift toward precision occupational medicine—integrating genetic, epigenetic, and toxin exposure insights to offer personalized risk management. The ability to stratify risk based on a person’s unique genetic blueprint and cumulative exposure burden empowers both workers and employers to make informed decisions about job assignments, protective measures, detoxification support, and early intervention protocols.

By moving beyond generic safety measures to a personalized, data-driven health strategy, this program ensures vulnerable individuals are no longer invisible in occupational health policies—and instead, receive proactive, tailored care that preserves their long-term well-being.


References:

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profiles. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiledocs/index.html

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Occupational Exposure Limits: The Role of NIOSH and OSHA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/exposurelimits/default.html

Rappaport SM, Smith MT. Environment and Disease Risks. Science. 2010 May 28;328(5980):1244-5.

doi:10.1126/science.1178566

Niedzwiecki MM, et al. The Role of Environmental Exposures and Epigenetics in Health and Disease: A Review of Recent Advances. Current Environmental Health Reports. 2019 Mar;6(1):1-9.

doi:10.1007/s40572-019-0225-4



Monday, May 13, 2024

INSIDE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION

PART 1: MUTAGEN HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CANCER EXPOSURES

By: Lennard M. Gettz, Ed.D  /  Edited by: Roberta Kline, MD


First responders of every branch (police, firefighters, paramedics), as well as construction cleanup contractors, were exposed to the many toxic hazards around the World Trade Center (WTC) as a result of the events on 9/11/2001.  For the more than 91,000 individuals involved in this massive response and cleanup effort [1], exposure to the toxicants from dust, smoke, and incendiary chemicals has led to concerns for cancer, diseases, and other health injuries post-exposure.  The James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act enacted the World Trade Center Health Program, a federal commitment to offer comprehensive care for 9/11-related conditions. [2]

Numerous environmental contaminants have been shown to have potential carcinogenic (cancer-causing) consequences. [3] Events such as 9/11 are just some of the scenarios that have alerted government agencies, the medical community, and individuals to study the types of common cancers from each scenario.  These exposures also bring new (and heightened) concerns for gene mutations that may be inherited or passed down to the next generations of those directly impacted.

"Learning about how cancer and other illnesses work... I would hate to contract this on the job and give this to my kids", states FDNY Ret. FF Sal Banchitta- 9/11 responder. "Firefighters get a lot of training and gear to protect us from exposure- but let's face it... part of the risk of the job is that there IS no 100% guarantee- ever!  Looking back on all this, from the local house fires of burning plastics and PVC's to the many chemicals and airborne poisons in ground zero-- exposure came from anywhere.  You can only hope that you're not someone who's predisposed, but you never know." 

According to the NCI (National Cancer Institute), up to 10% of all cancers may be caused by inherited genetic changes. Cancer itself (or genetic changes in tumor cells) cannot be inherited by children of cancer patients but a genetic change or mutation that increases the risk of cancer can be passed down (inherited) if it is present in a parent's egg or sperm cells. It is for this reason why cancer may sometimes appear to run in families.  [4]


WTC-RELATED CANCERS: There are now more than 15 cancers specifically associated with exposure to the WTC toxins, with prostate and breast cancer being among the top 3. [5]. Not only do survivors have higher rates of these cancers, but they are often more aggressive. Recent research has demonstrated that DNA mutations and epigenetic changes due to toxin exposures may play a role. [6, 7, 8] 


PART 2: TODAY'S GENETICS

In an exclusive interview about the science of gene expression, genomic specialist Dr. Roberta Kline, professor at the University of Western States, offered clarity on the fundamentals of the human blueprint: what DNA is, what it does, the impact of alterations to DNA on health, and how this is influenced by environmental exposures. 

Genes are specific regions of DNA that contain the code for all of the proteins that run our biology. Gene expression is the ultimate result of this complex process, and gene expression research has greatly accelerated the study of human biology and improved the practice of medicine. Up until the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, much of the focus had been on studying rare mutations linked to specific inherited diseases and cancers. We now know that these alterations of the DNA code are not the only ways people can be predisposed. 

The most common types of changes in DNA are called SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), and we each have millions of these. These SNPs can alter our biochemistry and biology, but they typically have a much smaller effect individually than mutations. However, the additive effect of multiple SNPs can create significant predispositions to (or protection from) most diseases, including cancer. 

The latest gene expression research has added a third layer called epigenetics. Epigenetic changes don’t affect the DNA or genetic code itself. Rather, they respond to environmental cues to control when genes are turned on or off. Therefore, epigenetic changes can be easily modified throughout a person’s lifetime.

These processes all work together, and all of them can be inherited. Depending on diet, lifestyle, exercise, stress, medications, and environmental exposures, their impact can be increased or decreased. For example, someone with mutations, SNPs, or epigenetic changes that impair their ability to detoxify environmental chemicals can have a higher risk of DNA damage that can lead to disease or cancer. Diet and lifestyle strategies can counteract some of this risk - or can make it worse. This can help explain why not everyone exposed to the same toxins is affected in the same way, and why the same dietary and lifestyle factors can affect people’s health differently.

GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TESTING

With the existence of cancers in the family, physicians may recommend genetic testing.  Inherited mutations account for approximately 10% of all cancers, and these tend to be more aggressive and occur at an earlier age. [8] Genetic mutations have been identified for certain forms of pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, or breast or ovarian cancer.  These tests for cancers such as Breast, Ovarian, and Pancreatic are known to target pathogenic/ly pathogenic (P/LP) variants associated with increased risk (including BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, PALB2, PTEN, and TP53, and recommended approaches to genetic counseling/testing and care strategies in individuals with these P/LP variants. [10, 11]

Genetic testing supports proactive prevention initiatives and active surveillance for these specific cancers that continue to prevail. Gene SNP testing can further support personalized prevention and screening strategies. While epigenetics is emerging as another tool in efforts to identify predispositions and personalize strategies, it is still more informative than prognostic at this time.

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HOW TO HANDLE ON-THE-JOB INJURIES AND MINIMIZE HEALTH RISKS

Written by: Robert Bard, MD

Work related injuries take a toll on the employees as well as the company. With reduced productivity and health insurance payments, the company can suffer heavy financial setbacks. This is why most companies have realized the importance of increasing awareness when it comes to the workplace. Injuries at the workplace are more common than ever. Although manual handling is the most common cause of workplace injuries, sedentary jobs may also put employees at risk of Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs) and lung issues.

Awareness: When it comes to sedentary jobs, posture and height may be doing most of the damage. Educate employees of the best posture and height of their chair in order to minimize the strain and reduce chances of an injury (Cornelio, 2010).

Policy Creation: The very first thing that employers need to do is create a health and safety policy. This policy should be included and presented to employees along with all other contracts and policies in the workplace. This will let your employees know that safety and health are a primary objective.

Health and Safety Program: The health and safety of employees is the responsibility of the employer. A health and safety program is mandatory for any company employing more than 20 individuals (CDC, n.d.)

Control Hazards: Many hazards may be unavoidable depending on the nature of work and the product being created. Some occupations entail more risks than others. If an employee is putting themselves at risk, then it is the employer’s responsibility to identify all hazards and minimize the risks.

Safety Equipment: Safety equipment may be very little and very large. In sedentary jobs, employers need to worry about the provision of ergonomic chairs and keyboards whereas in manufacturing industries they need to worry about safety helmets, jackets, and other similar equipment.

Document Incidents: Accident history may help identify the problems that caused injuries in the workplace. Small details such as correctly fitting equipment may be the cause of an accident. Once the causes of injury are identified, employers can work towards their rectification (WCB, n.d.)

Training Sessions: Train employees and increase awareness about practices which may help minimize workplace injury. Motivate them to keep safety a personal priority, and encourage them to be on a lookout for safety hazards in the company.

Report Procedure: While avoiding injuries would be ideal, we are not living in a perfect world. Notify employees of the protocol that needs to be followed in case of an injury. Who will the employee report to? Is there an in-house clinic that they have access to? How will the severity of damage be assessed? (WSIB, 2014)

Maintaining a safe and healthy workplace is the responsibility of the employer. Safety should be the primary goal of the company and is not only beneficial for employees but also employers.

Once employees are aware of the hazards that they face and the measures that can be taken to prevent them, they can work towards its minimization. This would mean less days of work as a result of injury and increased employee productivity.


References

CDC, n.d. Benefits of Health Promotion Programs. Retrieved from
<http://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/businesscase/benefits/ >
Cornelio, D., 2010. Preventing Workplace Injuries And Illnesses. Worker Occupational Safety & Health Training and Education Program (WOSHTEP). California, USA. Retrieved from <http://www.dir.ca.gov/chswc/WOSHTEP/Awareness/AwarenessModuleEnglish.pdf>
WCB, n.d. Preventing Workplace Injuries. Retrieved from <http://www.wcb.ns.ca/wcbns/index_e.aspx?CategoryID=274>
WSIB, 2014. What workers should know...about reporting workplace injuries and illnesses. Retrieved from <http://www.wsib.on.ca/en/community...>


EDITOR'S REVIEW: "Pioneering the Art of the CONSULT with a Functional Medicine Approach"

Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of women's health, particularly during the menopausal transition, conventional care models o...