Sunday, April 28, 2024

Prenuvo: My Experience with A New Approach to Early Detection

THE PROMISE OF EARLY DETECTION
Roberta Kline MD

Despite the promise of early detection, women have had a long history of underdiagnosis of health issues. Having practiced as a board-certified OB-GYN for 15 years, I know firsthand the importance of early detection for some of the most common women’s health issues, including cancer. After all, basic bloodwork, pap smears, and mammograms are routine parts of women’s health care. However, these only address a small fraction of the diseases and health issues that women can face throughout their lives. 

The failure of early detection can be due to many reasons, including a lack of effective screening tests, lack of support for the widespread use of current screening technologies, or lack of access to these services. Some diseases, such as endometriosis, ovarian and pancreatic cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease, have had no effective screening tests and are often not diagnosed until much later in the disease process. Others, such as brain or aortic aneurysms, uterine fibroids, gallstones, and cancers of the bone, liver, or kidney can be detected by currently available imaging, but these are not part of the standard recommendations. 

In a healthcare system that generally prioritizes disease diagnosis over disease prevention, this failure to adopt a proactive approach is not surprising. While enabling early intervention through prevention and early detection strategies is often cost-effective in the long run, it is often more resource-intensive in the short run. Changing this on a global level requires a different mindset and reorganization of resources. It also requires innovative ways of thinking and creating potential solutions. 


INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO PROACTIVE HEALTH
In my endless pursuit for answers to help women better understand the “why” of their health and disease, I have spent the past 15 years seeking cutting-edge approaches to detecting potential issues early rather than waiting until they cause symptoms or disease. What I find continues to inspire me and compels me to share this information and make a difference through research and education.

These advances now make it possible to evaluate predispositions to health issues and create a customized plan for proactive health for each woman. An equally important part of this strategy is regularly assessing how well these strategies are working. Advancements in lab technologies have made it possible to do in-depth analyses of most aspects of our genetics, epigenetics, biochemistry, and molecular functioning. 

However, this “micro” view doesn’t tell everything. We also need to take a “macro” view to screen for masses or other structural abnormalities. Imaging is designed to do just that, and we now have advanced technologies that have expanded our capabilities to see inside our bodies in incredible detail. But, as with lab tests, the conventional model of waiting until someone has symptoms and then only evaluating that specific body part has limited their use for early detection screening. In part, this is due to concerns over unnecessary radiation exposure. Ultrasound and MRI have no radiation and thus are safer options for repeated whole-body screenings. But neither of these was a viable option until recently.

MY EXPERIENCE WITH PRENUVO
Highly detailed diagnostic MRI's are designed to scan specific body parts. To be feasible for scanning the whole body, they needed to be redesigned with this different goal in mind. Recent progress made in imaging technology and AI-assisted interpretation has enabled innovators to create the right balance in detection and accuracy.

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At this point, Prenuvo states it can detect hundreds of conditions in the early stages. This includes many cancers, as well as diseases and other abnormalities that cannot be detected on routine bloodwork or yearly physical exams. This is a potentially powerful tool for helping women be proactive in their health, and I recently had the opportunity to experience a full-body MRI scan with Prenuvo.

Diagnostic MRI scans are not necessarily the most comfortable and can often induce anxiety both in the anticipation and in the actual experience. I was curious to see how Prenuvo compared and was pleasantly surprised.

Having practiced in many different settings, including the military, a large conventional group, and a cash-based practice, I’ve seen how the right patient experience can facilitate health and healing. Prenuvo clearly understands this as well, and it was evident in every part of my experience.

The online registration process included a lengthy health questionnaire. I had not anticipated this and so was not prepared. When I realized there were more questions than I could answer in the time I had allotted for this, I was afraid I would have to start all over again. I was relieved to find that all my answers were autosaved and that I could complete the form over more than one login session. As a point of improvement, it would have been helpful to have received some initial instructions on what information I would need and the approximate time for completion.

I received regular reminders of my progress through the registration process and instructions for my upcoming appointment. They also anticipated many questions I had and answered them proactively in these communications, helping me to feel well-prepared. This also conveyed that I was important to them, not just a number.

March 5, 2024 - On the day of my MRI, the reception area was warm and well-lit - a beautiful contrast to the gray winter day outside. The atmosphere was more like that of a spa than a medical office, and the staff was very courteous, friendly, and attentive. I was brought to the changing room which was beautifully designed and appointed to anticipate my every need. This attention to detail again spoke to how Prenuvo is not just a place to get an MRI, but also values supporting wellness overall.

I was surprised at how comfortable the MRI was. I have had conventional MRIs in the past, and they have felt small and cramped, even a bit claustrophobic. This MRI bed was a little larger, and that made a big difference. It was well-padded, and the technician spent time making sure I was comfortable. She also checked in with me throughout the scan to ensure I was still doing ok. The choice of music or videos was appreciated, and the automated instructions throughout the MRI were clear and very helpful in knowing what was coming next – including how long to hold my breath for some parts of it. 

After my MRI was completed, I was not rushed out to make room for the next patient. Instead, snacks and drinks were available, and I was encouraged to take my time to replenish after having fasted for several hours. I left there feeling well taken care of. While I was informed that I would be getting my results through my personal dashboard, the process to set this up could be improved by handling this as part of the preparation or in automated emails in the day or two following the MRI. 

As a first-time user, once I had figured out how to access my dashboard, I found it easy to navigate.  It provided helpful education about the report and images, and it was easy to share these with others by having them sign up for an account. This is very easy and convenient, especially for healthcare providers who are forward-thinking and are used to this type of platform. However, it can pose a challenge if they don’t feel comfortable or are not able to create an account for a variety of reasons. Prenuvo does anticipate this by enabling downloading the report and image files, although this solution can have its own challenges. 

One challenge I encountered was how to share these images with a local radiology facility, as they typically facilitate this process by reaching out to other imaging centers directly through standard channels. While their security processes prevented them from creating an account with Prenuvo or uploading the images from a portable USB, we eventually did find a workaround through a secure online file-sharing method. 

I appreciated the opportunity to review my scans and results with their designated radiologist. While it’s more accessible to do this as a physician myself, it’s also a level of service available to anyone who gets a Prenuvo MRI scan. This is another element that speaks to a well-thought-out process designed to help people feel knowledgeable and empowered. I think that this is especially valuable for people who don’t have a healthcare provider who is familiar with the whole-body MRI concept or want to be able to have a more personalized experience.


FINDING HIDDEN RISKS CAN SAVE YOUR LIFE
I was amazed at the level of detail and amount of information provided in the report. Not only was it interesting to learn more about my body in a way that I hadn’t been able to access before, but it also revealed things I could act on. This reflects the very essence of proactive healthcare.

Any time someone undergoes any testing, there is always an element of fear of the unknown for what might be detected. We all experience this to some extent, but for some people, it prevents them from taking action. It’s important to understand that ignorance is not bliss. These things are going on in your body, whether you are aware of them or not. Being able to reframe this fear into self-empowerment is important. It doesn’t mean your fear goes away; it just means you can move through it and take action anyway. And that action may very well save your life.

For those who want to be proactive in their health, I see the full-body Prenuvo MRI as a great addition to existing tools for early detection. It fills a much-needed gap for learning more about one’s body and catching any potential issues while they are still easily addressed. 



DR. ROBERTA KLINE is an ObGyn physician, an award-winning author, an educational advocate, and an inspirational speaker for the professional and women’s communities. She holds a combined mission to upgrade how we approach health and deliver healthcare for women through education, globalized communication, research, and advocacy.  Dr. Kline develops and teaches CME programs, consults on gene expression project designs, and leads collaborative projects designed to advance the direction of women’s health. She is also a clinical advisor in integrative medicine and functional genomics to many health organizations including the Integrative Health Research Center.  In addition to her mentorship programs for women physicians, Dr. Kline is Director of Educational Programs for the Women's Health Collaborative, Editor of the Women’s Health Digest, and on faculty at the University of Western States. 






TECH TALK: PRENUVO'S UNIQUE APPROACH TO WB-MRI

MRI technology has now matured over the past 20-years where we can actually effectively perform diagnostic-quality WB-MRI. Via careful MRI protocol design and optimization, we have developed a specialized WB-MRI focused screening service that has been of significant clinical utility to our patients and referring-clinician colleagues. 

Our approach to whole-body MRI imaging is one that is geared for early detection, fast yet comprehensive, safe and comfortable. Our standard Prenuvo screening protocol is a comprehensive multiparametric Whole-Body MRI study (anatomically covering the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, whole-spine, and lower-extremities through the ankles)  that takes under 1 hour without compromising diagnostic quality. This technique is effective to detect, localize, characterize, and even stage a very wide-spectrum of pathology (ranging from solid-tumors even at small early/localized stages, to benign cysts, to brain aneurysms, and many other diverse pathologies) with a very high-level of sensitivity and specificity for a screening evaluation.  We do this without undesirable radiation or contrast.

What makes our approach different from traditional MRI approaches, which typically rely primarily on more anatomically-focused imaging, is that we also combine this with an important specialized functional-focused MRI-technique known as Diffusion-Weighted-Imaging (DWI) covering the whole body. DWI has been clinically-demonstrated to play a very valuable role particularly in oncological-imaging; and, in the screening setting DWI significantly enhances  our ability to discriminate oncologically-concerning lesions from benign lesions. DWI can be thought of as an MRI-analogue to PET-imaging (whereas PET highlights hypermetabolism of cancerous tissue, DWI highlights hypercellular-density or “tissue hardness” characteristic of cancerous tissue). 

Our DWI technique, in conjunction with the multiple other well established multiplanar multiparametric MRI sequences in our protocol, afford us the requisite level of sensitivity and specificity needed to provide clinical value in the context of desired proactive screening. Most standard MRI systems are not capable of performing these specialized WB-MRI sequences at an acceptable speed, image resolution, and similar multiparametric comprehensiveness. 

MRI SCREENING vs HOSPITAL CONVENTION-  Prenuvo scans capture 2000 images in 28 areas in under an hour at diagnostic quality, with 1B+ data points acquired, compared to the 4-5 hours it would take through conventional MRI. Conventional MRIs also use pre-programmed protocols that are not optimized for whole-body speed capture without compromising diagnostic quality. We've taken a different approach and verticalized our hardware and designed software acquisition protocols for whole-body diagnostic yield in under one hour.  


THE FULL-BODY STRATEGY FOR CANCER SCANNING

In simplistic terms, having a full-body access comports to the fact that everything is connected in one way or another.  Tumor cells start somewhere, but they can spread almost anywhere they want. If we find a cancer in stage one (which usually means confined to the organ of origin) what happens afterwards is to ask if it is IN FACT confined to that organ, or if it has spread somewhere else. This is called staging.

After a cancer is detected, patients often go into a panic asking "What stage is it? ... Is it metastatic?" Working with the conventional MRI or CT of the past, they would have to wait to get a brain MRI, then a chest, abdomen, pelvis study and a bone scan etc. With our technology, we already have all that. We've routinely found people with stage  one cancer as part of early detection. This is a good basis where you want to find it. From here, searching 'full  body' is the best next step to make sure that it's not anywhere else in the body. Using an MRI with diffusion, we can see it  all.  

An MRI is known as the most detailed imaging available for scanning a tumor anywhere in the body. Creating a treatment strategy becomes more effective when you know no areas have been overlooked. Patients and physicians both have a higher and more confident level of understanding about what they're dealing with. A great example is confirming that the pounding headache that a patient suffers from after a diagnosis of cancer is stress related, not due the fear of a metastasis...Whole body MRI coverage can preempt this concern. (*click here for full feature)




"COUSIN SAL" GOES WHOLE-BODY MRI

8/8/2023- Ret. FDNY Sal Banchitta signs in to experience his Whole Body MRI from Prenuvo, NYC- a state of the art imaging company founded out of Vancouver, Canada. As one of the founding cancer awareness producers of NYCRA (NY Cancer Resource Alliance0 and F.A.C.E.S. (Firefighters Against Cancers & Exposures), Mr. Banchitta gladly accepted the invitation to receive this complete body scan as part of his pursuits of a base line for future scans and a preventative measure against cancer. "My mission alongside my fellow advocates is to learn about the latest modalities in diagnostics and treatment to bring awareness about cancer resources to the rescue community", says Sal. Prenuvo’s cutting-edge whole-body scans are based on 10+ years of clinical work while curating the biggest data set of whole-body MRI scans in the world. Unlike conventional MRIs, which take hours and often involve contrast injections, Prenuvo scans for 500+ conditions, including most solid tumors which can be detected as early as stage 1, in addition to aneurysms, cysts, and more –- all without radiation, in under an hour.



CANCER ADVOCACY IN THE NEWS!
3/27/2024- 23 years later, those exposed to 9/11 continue to feel the health repercussions of toxin and toxicants from the historical urban disaster. More than the 343 firefighters who perished during that fated time, we continue to find cases in the rescue and responder service, contracting the many types of illnesses from this horrendous response call. 13x Emmy Award winning reporter Marvin Scott covers the EARLY DETECTION program as he interviews Dr. Robert Bard (Cancer Imaging Radiologist) and Ret. FF and 9/11 responder Sal Banchitta. Dr. Bard presents his state-of-the-art imaging innovations to provide firefighters with some of the most advanced scanning solutions. "There are many tools out there that patients should know about. I'm pretty fortunate to have access to Dr. Bard and his program for advanced screening and I tell all my fellow firefighters about 'Getting Checked NOW!" (See video)

Wednesday, March 20, 2024

Addressing Chemotherapy-Induced Brain Fog in Women through Brain Training

By Marilyn Abrahamson, MA,CCC-SLP - CBHC 

Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, offering hope and often life-saving benefits to millions of patients worldwide. However, while its efficacy in combating cancer is well-documented, the toll it takes on patients' cognitive function is an often overlooked aspect of the treatment journey.  

Among the many side effects experienced by chemotherapy recipients, “chemo-fog,” "chemo brain," or chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a prevalent and distressing issue, particularly for women. This phenomenon encompasses a range of cognitive impairments, including changes in memory, difficulty with focus, and slower processing speed. These symptoms can impact daily functioning, productivity, and quality of life overall. Despite its prevalence and impact, the experience of chemotherapy-induced brain fog in women is often dismissed or trivialized, leaving many feeling unheard and unsupported. 

HELPING WOMEN FEEL HEARD
One of the challenges in addressing chemotherapy-induced brain fog is the lack of understanding and recognition within both the medical community and society at large. Many healthcare professionals may attribute cognitive symptoms to stress or anxiety, overlooking the physiological impact of chemotherapy on the brain. As a result, women may struggle to receive appropriate support and accommodations for their cognitive difficulties, further exacerbating feelings of frustration and isolation. 

More research is needed in this area. However, cognitive therapy and brain training techniques hold promise in mitigating the cognitive effects of chemotherapy. Brain training encompasses a variety of attention and memory strategies and exercises designed to improve cognitive function. It has also been shown to improve memory, processing speed, and executive function skills such as attention, organization, planning, and decision-making. These interventions target neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize and form new neural connections, offering hope for enhancing cognitive resilience in chemotherapy recipients. 

A quality comprehensive brain training program will also include education on incorporating lifestyle modifications and holistic approaches to further support cognitive health in chemotherapy recipients. Lifestyle choices that include regular exercise, healthy nutrition, adequate good-quality sleep, stress management, social engagement, and the importance of lifelong learning have been shown to promote brain health and resilience. Integrating these practices into a comprehensive care plan can complement the benefits of brain training and empower women to manage their cognitive well-being proactively. 

Furthermore, raising awareness and fostering open dialogue about chemotherapy-induced brain fog are essential steps in ensuring that women feel heard and supported throughout their treatment journey. Healthcare providers are crucial in validating patients' experiences, advocating for their needs, and connecting them with appropriate resources and support services.   

By recognizing the impact of cognitive impairment and implementing targeted interventions such as brain training, we can empower women to reclaim their cognitive function by using their brains differently to improve their overall well-being. Through a collaborative effort involving healthcare providers, researchers, and society, we can bridge the gap and ensure that women feel heard, supported, and empowered in their journey toward cognitive recovery and recovery. 



MARILYN ABRAHAMSON, MA, CCC-SLP-CBHC is co-owner of BrainThrive Consulting and co-creator of the ©Long Live Your Brain program, an online group brain health coaching program for people striving for more reliable memory, attention, and clearer thinking. More information can be found at www.longliveyourbrain.com. Marilyn is also an Amen Clinics Certified Brain Health Coach and has been a Speech-Language Pathologist since 1987. 


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Thursday, March 14, 2024

CANCER PREDISPOSITION, HEREDITY & GENE TESTING

NYCRA NEWS- Genetic Predisposition (Vol. 1- Spring Issue 2024)

By definition, diseases like CANCER are not directly hereditary. Unlike genetic traits and characteristics passed down to children like blood type and eye color, chronic diseases like cancer are recognized to be contracted through the environment (external impact). However, as cancer is a form of genetic mutation, genetic changes that increase the risk of cancer CAN be passed down or inherited.  

When a specific cancer type is prevalent in one side of the family, the cancer is recognized as a FAMILIAL cancer. Most of them are caused by genetic mutation in a gene related to cancer susceptibility. In addition, a term called "family cancer syndrome" (or "hereditary cancer syndrome") is a rare disorder in which family members have an above-average chance of developing a certain type or types of cancer. Family cancer syndromes are caused by inherited genetic variants in certain cancer-related genes. [1]

It is reported that up to 10% of all cancer cases may be caused by inherited genetic mutation or changes. These are called CANCER PREDISPOSITION genes. Individuals who carry a mutant allele of these genes have an increased susceptibility to cancer. It is now widely identified that an accumulation of genetic or epigenetic alterations affect the conversion of normal cells to cancer cells. [2]


 GETETIC MUTATIONS
Oftentimes, researchers of hereditary cancers will reference breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2).  Specific alterations in these genes disable their function such that, inheriting such mutations may preclude you to contract breast (and other) cancers. Having a strong history of breast cancer may often be linked to acquiring a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Family members with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations often share the same mutation. [3]

Another predisposition scenario is Lynch syndrome; according to the CDC, carrying this condition holds a 1 in 2 (50%) heredity chance of your children also having Lynch syndrome. Genetic testing for Lynch syndrome can be considered once your children reach adulthood.  Similarly, the most common are hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Anyone with HBOC syndrome holds a higher risk for breast and ovarian as well as advanced and pancreatic cancers. [4]

GENE TESTING FOR CANCER RISK
Today's advancements in genetic tests can determine the possibility of an elevated risk of cancer. For those who come from a family with a history of breast and ovarian cancer make screening and treatment decisions. Not everyone needs to get genetic testing for cancer risk. Your doctor or health care provider can help you decide if you should get tested for genetic changes that increase cancer risk. They will likely ask if you have certain patterns in your personal or family medical history, such as cancer at an unusually young age or several relatives with the same kind of cancer.

Physicians may recommend genetic testing. It is advised to start with a genetic counselor who presents the potential risks, benefits, and drawbacks of genetic testing in your situation. Genetic counselors are also trained to review genetic test results with patients and/or their families and provide guidance in decision-making from those results. There are at-home genetic tests that one can order directly. Thanks to Dr. Google, there's more information on the types of consumer-accessible tests on the market- but these tests may have drawbacks or limitations when it comes to the prospect of genetic predisposition and genetic changes that increases cancer risk. Genetic counselors may be a helpful resource for identifying these test products as well.

For more information on what tests are available and who may want to consider them, visit the NIH/NCA Genetic Testing for Inherited Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/genetic-testing-fact-sheet


REFERENCES
1) The Genetics of Cancer: NIH- https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics#:~:text=A%20family%20cancer%20syndrome%2C%20also,in%20certain%20cancer%2Drelated%20genes.  The Genetics of Cancer |  2) Cancer predisposition genes: molecular mechanisms and clinical impact on personalized cancer care: examples of Lynch and HBOC syndromes - Published online 2015 Nov 30. doi: 10.1038/aps.2015.89 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4753377/#:~:text=Up%20to%2010%25%20of%20cancers,an%20increased%20susceptibility%20to%20cancer. |  3) Family Health History and the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes/ CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/breast_ovarian_cancer/fam_hist_genes.htm#:~:text=Normally%2C%20the%20BRCA1%20and%20BRCA2,%2C%20ovarian%2C%20and%20other%20cancers. |  4) Family Health History and Cancer: Which Hereditary Conditions Raise My Chances of Getting Cancer? / CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-  https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/family-health-history/index.htm#:~:text=Several%20hereditary%20conditions%20can%20raise,advanced%20prostate%2C%20and%20pancreatic%20cancers.




Part 2: CANCER PREDISPOSITION & THE ROLE OF GENETIC TESTING
By: Roberta Kline, MD 

Cancer comes from one of two ways. One is that you have inherited genetic mutations that significantly increase your risk for specific types of cancer. But overall, that's a minority of cancer cases. The majority of cancers occur because of an interaction between your individual genes and the environment that they've been exposed to throughout your lifetime. Both of them can be tested for.  And if you know what you're dealing with, you can create a plan that's specific for you that enables you to be proactive. This enables you to have that locus of control that you know what's going on in your body, but you don't know if you don't test. Therefore, TEST- DON'T GUESS!  And then you can create your roadmap that works for you.

Especially with breast cancer, we know that 90% of the cases are not due to known inherited genetic mutations like BRCA1. The majority of them are due to very small changes in your DNA that interact with your environment over your lifetime that predispose you to developing breast cancer. But if you don't know that you have these predispositions, you can unknowingly be exacerbating the problem. If you've been tested and you know what your genes are doing, you can proactively create a plan to minimize your risk throughout your lifetime. 

"INHERITING CANCER & GETTING THE RIGHT TEST"
We understand genetic mutations to cause severe diseases, predominantly causing certain types of cancers. But rather than living in fear of what you may or may not have inherited from your parents, and whether you may or may not develop the same diseases that they carried- get tested, so you won't find yourself guessing.  Through gene testing protocols, you can precisely identify where you need to focus your resources, your attention- and when you can let go of that (unnecessary) fear.

Because genetic testing can be very specific, one of the biggest challenges for proactive people about their health is to know WHAT to test for. What test do you use? Is there a test that's better for you than others? These are important questions and the amount of information available (while great) can be quite overwhelming. The best suggestion is to speak to a trained medical professional or a genetic specialist who can help you navigate through the vast collection of available tests to find what is right for you.  What you want is a test that has value. And in order to have value, it needs to answer your questions and provide you a roadmap for what you can do proactively for your health for the future. 


DNA REACTIONS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS:
So when you look at the issue of breast cancer in Long Island and how it is tied to these environmental toxins, what you're seeing is these environmental toxins can potentially, if it's a large enough dose, create mutations in somebody's DNA, but what is most likely happening (and this I do have to check on,) what is most likely happening is it's overwhelming the body's ability to process these toxins. When your body processes any kind of chemical, including these toxins, it produces oxidative stress. When you have too much oxidative stress for your body to handle, this has a tendency of creating DNA breaks. So it's not the toxin directly causing DNA breaks necessarily, it's that your body can't get rid of that toxin fast enough or efficiently enough. And so its own biological processes that are supposed to deal with this are the ones that actually cause the DNA breaks (mutation) and the changes in the DNA that increase the risk of breast cancer. 

 This is the second part of that pathway by which estrogen as well as other chemicals can cause breast cancer.  Conventional medicine pays attention to the binding of estrogen to the estrogen receptor causing proliferation. Excessive proliferation can lead to a higher chance of DNA breaks. Every time that DNA replicates, (which is what happens when you create proliferation) when the cells grow, every time that DNA replicates, there's a chance that it will cause an error in that replication and leave a mutation in the DNA. Now, we have lots of processes that are built in to safeguard against that. We have DNA repair mechanisms, we have all sorts of machinery that is designed to catch breaks in the DNA before they get integrated into the person's biology. If you overwhelm that, those breaks stay. 

To note, estrogen itself is a toxin, even though we produce it ourselves. Studying the other part of estrogen metabolism, which is the same process that happens with all of these toxins is that it goes through what we call DETOXIFICATION or BIOTRANSFORMATION. You're transforming something that's potentially toxic, ultimately into a molecule or a chemical that is non-toxic and gets eliminated from the body. Within that process, you are often creating even more toxic chemicals in the intermediary stages, and that's what requires a high level of antioxidant defense as well as other biological systems to keep those contained and keep them in check and funnel them quickly into the benign molecules out of the body. This is the second way that you can create DNA damage that you can create cancer because you are overwhelming the body's ability to neutralize those toxic compounds that your body is creating as a result of whatever it's taking in. This has to do with oxidative stress, which is linked to INFLAMMATION, which we know underlies almost every cancer process. 


ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ROBERTA KLINE, MD (Educational Dir. /Women's Diagnostic Group) is a board-certified ObGyn physician, Integrative Personalized Medicine expert, consultant, author, and educator whose mission is to change how we approach health and deliver healthcare. She helped to create the Integrative & Functional Medicine program for a family practice residency, has consulted with Sodexo to implement the first personalized nutrition menu for healthcare facilities, and serves as Education Director for several organizations including the Women’s Diagnostic Health Network, Mommies on a Mission. Learn more at https://robertaklinemd.com/


NON-INVASIVE IMAGING: REAL-TIME SCREENING OF DENSE BREAST TISSUE

(Special thanks to: Dr. Robert L. Bard, Cancer Imaging Specialist)

I was fortunate to have benefited personally from this effort when I had my first screening mammogram shortly after the law went into effect. The reading radiologist personally informed me of my high breast density immediately after the mammogram, and after recommending a breast ultrasound for further evaluation this was done right then and there. I walked away from my appointment feeling well informed, and any potential anxiety relieved by the prompt additional imaging and results. I also knew that I needed a different approach for my screenings going forward.

Between 2009 and 2019, 37 other states and D.C. passed legislation requiring notification of breast density, one of the last being my new home state of New Mexico. In 2019 a federal law was passed to require both clinician and patient reports contain plain language around the woman’s breast density, and to discuss with her provider. The FDA then created standard language that has now been implemented, requiring reporting on a woman’s individual breast density, and recommendation to discuss with her provider.

 There is still much to be learned about what causes dense breasts and why women with dense breasts have an increased risk of breast cancer, and our ongoing study is one of many that are seeking to answer these questions at the molecular and genetic level. But the evidence that supplementing mammograms with other imaging modalities can increase the rate of early detection is substantial, and provides us with tools we can use right now to make a difference. [3,4]  Despite this progress, there are still significant hurdles in changing the standard of care. A recent experience with my routine breast cancer screening highlighted the ongoing challenges. When I had asked to schedule an ultrasound with my screening mammogram, I was informed that it was not done this way – I could only get a mammogram. After my mammogram, I had to wait to receive my letter in the mail approximately one week later to be able to take any additional steps. The interpretation included a description of breast density and recommended to discuss any additional care with my physician. 

When I called to schedule an ultrasound, I was told that since the radiologist did not recommend it in the report, I could not schedule it. I then had to speak with my primary care provider, educating her on dense breasts and why I needed an ultrasound. Luckily, she agreed to order one. While the radiology facility still questioned the order, eventually I was able to have this done. When the radiologist came in to discuss my results, she too was confused as to why I was having the ultrasound, and was not aware that this should be standard for women with dense breasts.

Fortunately all was fine, but had I not been a physician that was fully aware of this issue, I would very likely have had only a mammogram and walked away with a dangerously false sense of security. This experience highlighted for me how much still needed to be done more than 20 years after my first experience. Legislation is only part of the solution. Clinician education and public awareness are the keys to changing how the intention behind these laws gets translated into actual change in health care. As I experienced, many clinicians are ill-informed about the nature of dense breasts, and options for adjunctive screening including ultrasound or MRI. This means that many of these reports end up being filed away with no further action being taken that could make a significant difference in early detection and saving lives.


Dense Breast Ultrasound Study

Molloy University Labs, NY. Dr. Noelle Cutter works with live breast cancer cells in dense breast tissue (Adenocarcinoma, breast, epithelial ER+ -estrogen receptor expressed). 

3/6-3/8/2024 – This observational study explores the functional phenotypic differences that make dense breast tissue. Because it is widely noted that women with dense breasts have a greater likelihood of developing cancer, understanding the pathways and changes in gene expression may offer the first avenue for the enzymes enrolled and drug targets for personalized medicine in pursuit of developing better treatment options.

Day 1: Dr. Cutter is establishing the effectiveness of the tissue culture methods, indicating the capability of growing the cells.  Working with epithelial cells that are growing at the expected density rate, she is able to start extracting DNA, RNA and proteins. By running functional analysis, the study allows for the observation of cell reaction from oxidative stress in the cell line. Additional information gathered include apoptosis (to monitor the cellular death) vs. general growth rate to understand their growth properties. 

Day 2: Part of the functional analysis include the induction of environmental stress to provoke oxidative stress response to record cell endurance within breast cancer cell lines. Over 36 trials showed response to oxidative stress which could mimic inflammatory response from environmental stresses. Reports indicate continued cellular survival and that “they're happy to keep growing… without any change in cellular deaths”.  Activating oxidative stress included: physically adding stressors such as hydrogen peroxide, serum-starving and glucose-starving the cells- all presenting the same response.


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Friday, March 8, 2024

EndoFound Patient Symposium 2024: Dr. R. Kline presents "Genomics & Epigenetics in Endometriosis)

INTRODUCTION

March 3, 2024 - Dr. Roberta Kline (Functional Genomics Specialist) delivered the first presentation of its class - aligning clinical Genetic Testing and Endometriosis at the 15th Annual Patient Symposium of the Endometriosis Foundation of America (also known as ‘EndoFound’). Her lecture review titled "Unlocking the Mystery of Your Genes: The Role of Genomics and Epigenetics in Endometriosis" introduced unique insights in the role of functional genetic expression testing for patients and clinicians alike.  As a licensed physician and former OBGYN, Dr. Kline spoke resoundingly to the sufferer in a quest for answers with undeniable compassion backed by sensible science that appeals to a wide array of audiences. Dr. Kline received a well-received response from her direct audience and those online and beyond.  She also received special recognition from patient care community where the vast majority expressed admiration for her holistic and complementary approach to this debilitating health disorder.  Dr. Kline credits her engaging design for women's health to her extended training in functional medicine.

UNLOCKING THE MYSTERY OF YOUR GENES
In order to address endometriosis more effectively, we first need to understand what causes it. And it turns out it's not so simple. Endometriosis is a very complex disease, which means that there is no single cause and no single answer. That has led to significant challenges in how we diagnose and treat it.

What's exciting is that genetic expression research is providing lots of different clues as to what's really causing endometriosis. This opens up new opportunities for better diagnostics, earlier detection, and more effective treatments because they're personalized and hopefully address the disease earlier in the process. Perhaps in the future, we can be talking about prevention of endometriosis altogether. 

Enough reports identify that endometriosis runs in families, and there is clearly an inherited genetic component. Indeed, research has shown that genetics can account for up to half of a woman’s risk. But what is equally important is that environmental influences make up the other half. This gives us a lot of opportunity to intervene and potentially change the course of the disease.

BENEFITS OF GENE EXPRESSION
DNA contains the genetic code and it is the blueprint for everything that runs in our biology. Our DNA is stored in a compact form called chromosomes, and specific sections of that DNA called genes provide the code for proteins. These proteins do everything to run our biology, making them the real workhorses. And our biology doesn't run well if they're not working right. 

Gene expression is the process of translating genes into proteins. Sometimes, errors occur in the DNA code that can change the instructions for making the protein. This can alter how that gene gets expressed and how the protein gets produced. Generally, this happens through genetic mutations (which are typically rare but can have serious consequences). This is what causes diseases like sickle cell anemia or even Down syndrome. Much more commonly, we can also have errors in our DNA that are called polymorphisms. Now, these are also called SNPs for short. These are very tiny errors that don't have the big impact that the mutations have, but they can still potentially alter biochemistry and lead to disease over time. M-T-H-F-R is one gene that you may have heard of that has a common SNP that many of us carry.

In addition to the DNA code itself, there's one more layer of consideration- epigenetics. Epigenetics literally means above the genome, and it turns genes on and off by adding and removing little chemical tags. It does not affect the DNA sequence itself. It is not like the mutations or the polymorphisms that alter the genes that produce proteins. It just is turning those genes on and off. 

Epigenetics is actually a crucial mechanism for guiding embryological development, and it's really a complex dance, if you will, to get the timing sequences right. But epigenetics also works throughout our lifetime to help us adapt to our environment and experiences.

All of these processes regulate gene expression, and they do this synergistically. They're all working together - multiple layers that end up with a certain outcome of gene expression. All of these can be inherited, so you can inherit not only mutations but SNPs and epigenetic changes. This can be especially important when we're talking about inheriting trauma. All of these will influence health or disease, including endometriosis. But where it gets really exciting is when we start talking about the interaction with the environment. 


As you can see in this diagram, there are many things that influence how gene expression eventually gets translated through the epigenome and the genome. This gives us the potential to modify genetic expression and potentially change the outcome. 

In broader terms, out of all the things that you cannot control in your experience with endometriosis, (including your genes themselves), genetic expression can be influenced. This mode of intervention is a powerful way to regain some control over a disease that so much of the time feels like it's controlling you. By this, gene expression research has shown that multiple pathways are involved in causing endometriosis. That can initially seem overwhelming, but conversely, this gene expression gives us multiple pathways to healing the disease. 


ENDO-ANALYSIS & TARGETING SYMPTOMS
A variety of biological pathways have been implicated in endometriosis, including hormone metabolism (particularly estrogen and progesterone), inflammation and oxidative stress, detoxification of chemicals and toxins, vascular growth factors and angiogenesis, as well as processes regulating DNA repair, tumor suppression, cell growth and death, and cell signaling.

Studies identify estrogen and progesterone metabolism to be the most well-known, but this condensed review shall focus on inflammation. Oxidative stress is included in this report because inflammation and oxidative stress are found to commonly go hand in hand (recognized as the yin and yang)- whereby, referring to one tends to also identify the other.

One thing to remember is that as we go through some different strategies, each strategy itself can influence gene expression and, therefore, potentially, the disease. But they are synergistic. The more of them that you do and do consistently, the better they work; they actually amplify each other. So together, they're much more powerful than using just one. 


EAT ‘GENE-FRIENDLY’ FOODS
Specific to this disorder, it is recommended to eat foods that specifically “talk” to our genes and provides critical support for our biochemistry in a positive way.  This includes supporting healthy immune and antioxidant systems. 

The Mediterranean diet has been shown to be overall the healthiest way to feed our genes and support our epigenetics. This includes key vitamins and minerals, also phytonutrients, such as resveratrol, quercetin, green tea or curcumin - you may have heard of some of these.  There's also fiber for the microbiome, which is just as important in talking with our genes and our gene expression.

There are healthy fats and proteins, and of course, minimally processed foods and few refined sugars. These alone can make a big difference in terms of your genetic expression, guiding it towards a healthier way.

MOVE YOUR BODY
Most of us think of exercise as something to stay fit or to lose weight, but movement is actually part of a body-wide communication similar to our hormones. When you exercise, that sets into motion communication that goes throughout your body and affects all sorts of different systems. 

The key is to pick something that you enjoy that you can do every day. Whether you walk or hike, work out at a gym, do some more conventional types of exercises, or maybe you like to dance or garden, or even do things when you go out and play, these are all different ways to move your body.  And if you can move it every day, that sends signals to your genes to express in a way that supports your health rather than disease.

GET A GOOD NIGHT’S SLEEP
Getting a good night's sleep is crucial for so many reasons.  Sleep is an active state. This is when you repair your DNA, process experiences, and regenerate your cellular biology including your immune system. Our circadian rhythm is also directly linked to gene expression, so both the amount and the timing are important.

Aim for about six to eight hours of sleep, and the timing is critical. Sleeping before midnight and getting most of your sleep between 9 or 10 pm and 6 or 7:00 AM are ways to better support your body's restoration. Avoiding night shifts and frequent travel across multiple time zones can also be helpful.  And of course, if you have issues that are interrupting your ability to get good night's sleep, please get them addressed.

MANAGE STRESS
Stress is one of the biggest contributors to dysfunction in our biology, and it directly influences gene expression throughout our whole body, including our gut. Stress is a biological response. It's not just in your head. It’s a response to both internal events, such as our thoughts and beliefs, as well as external events such as trauma, relationships, or deadlines at work. 

Many ways have been shown to reduce stress or help people create resilience during stressful times. Importantly, it's about choosing something that works for you. What I generally suggest is to try a few things that seem to work for you so you have multiple tools in your toolbox because you probably will need different ones at different times. 

Here's a list of many things that have been shown to reduce stress. These include meditation, massage, energy work, creative outlets, being in nature or with pets, connection with others – and even hugs. One that many people don't think about is joy.

When we are in a state of joy, we cannot physiologically also be in a state of stress. So remembering to put joy into your life on a regular basis is actually a great way to manage stress.



MINIMIZE TOXINS
Toxins directly and indirectly damage DNA and alter our biological processes. So, minimizing the toxins in your daily life is going to be important. Obviously, you cannot control the air, water, and soil around you, but there are things you can do to minimize your exposure. 

One of the greatest points of exposure is through personal care products, so make sure you read your labels. Know what you're putting on your body, because what you put on your body also goes in your body.

Once you've done all that, the next question is, “how do I know if it is working?” You can go by symptoms, and that is certainly one barometer that you can use to gauge how effective your strategies are, but you can go even deeper.  Testing allows you to be more precise and eliminate a lot of the guessing. And there are two ways to do this.  You can test your genetic expression and the things that underlie that in terms of genetic testing, genomic testing and epigenetic testing to personalize nutrition, lifestyle, even medication choices. 

The other place to get tested is in your regular lab tests. These include conventional and functional labs. It also includes your microbiome. Your gut is a very important part of both your immune system as well as your overall health. So doing all of these strategies or picking and choosing which ones work for you is a great place to start. And for many that may be all you need. 

But if you want to dive deeper, either because you want to be more precise or because what you're doing is not quite getting you the results you want in terms of your symptoms, then go deeper. Test what's going on in your biology, in your biochemistry, so then you can know what's working, what's not, and where you need to adjust.

Hopefully, this review provides a hopeful glimpse into the future, in addition to the existing ray of hope in today’s science. There is much that can be done that can make a difference in your life and in your current state of health. 


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